Case summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case rundown - Assignment Example Regardless of its accomplishment in early times of activity, LEGO confronted some inward issues which imperiled its intensity in the market. Somewhere in the range of 1998 and 2004, the organization enrolled gigantic income misfortune connected to wasteful assembling and conveyance frameworks of the organization. The administration disregarded creation costs, which prompted high volume of squanders. The organization has built up an intricate activity instrument, civility of its many working years. This lone implied an expansion in activity costs related with its flexibly chain and creation segments. There are a numerous issues confronting LEGO, which need vital arranging so as to survive. To start with, the organization faces firm rivalry from different organizations entering the structure toy industry. A few organizations even fabricated plastic blocks items sensitive to LEGO’s items. The circumstance exacerbated in 1988 when the company’s plastic plan patent terminated, lessening rivalry boundary in the business. Second, acquisitions, for instance Disney procured Marvel Entertainment expanding the weight of rivalry on LEGO. Third, fights in court additionally compromised the company’s productivity. Court battles with different organizations, for example, MEGA Brands over trademark enrollment came about into gigantic misfortune for the

Managing the successful design process of HVAC systems The WritePass Journal

Dealing with the fruitful structure procedure of HVAC frameworks Presentation Dealing with the fruitful structure procedure of HVAC frameworks IntroductionHistory of HVAC SystemDesign Process and ManagementConclusionReferencesRelated Presentation A decent HVAC framework configuration assumes a basic job in making an ideal structure environment.â The plan procedure of a HVAC framework is intricate procedure including client’s needs, building guideline consistence, vitality proficiency, ecological effect and supportability. A variety of experts with particular controls, for example, customers, draftsmen, basic and administration engineers are engaged with a structure development venture. The structure procedure includes consistent correspondence and explanation between the diverse colleagues. By cooperating at key focuses in the structure procedure, members can frequently distinguish exceptionally appealing answers for plan needs that would somehow not be discovered (1). The viability of the structure procedure in the structure business affects the achievement of resulting forms in the development of activities and furthermore on the nature of the earth (2). A few examinations have additionally called attention to that an enormous level of deformities in building emerge through choices or activities taken in the structure stages (3). It is likewise said that poor plan has a solid effect fair and square of productivity during the creation stage (4). As of late, the expanding multifaceted nature of present day structures in a serious marketâ€place has altogether expanded the weight for improving the presentation of the plan procedure as far as time and quality. In spite of its significance, moderately little research has been done on the administration of the structure procedure, as opposed to the examination time and exertion which has been dedicated to creation and task the executives (5). This article will focus on different issues identified with the administration of fruitful plan procedure of HVAC framework and set forward contentions to mirror the abovementioned. History of HVAC System Air conditioning is an abbreviation that represents Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. Air conditioning depends on the rule of thermodynamics and warmth move. The elements of warming, ventilation and cooling are interrelated. Central air frameworks give warm solace and worthy indoor air quality. In the same way as other incredible developments, most punctual warming and plumbing frameworks began with the Romans. A hypocaust(6) was an antiquated Roman arrangement of focal warming/under floor warming; they were utilized for warming open showers and private houses.â English student of history Edward Gibbon makes reference to â€Å"stupendous water channels, while portraying the structure of open showers in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire(7). The Romans constructed a reservoir conduit that conveyed water for some miles so as to furnish a packed urban populace with moderately sheltered, consumable water. In present day structures the plan, establishment and control frameworks for these capacities are coordinated in to HVAC frameworks. Configuration Process and Management Since the commencement of humankind, individuals have constantly structured things; it is human instinct. It might take a very long time to plan another framework yet it could be made surprisingly fast. At the point when one is attempting to plan something, drawing is broadly utilized as a most reasonable type of correspondence. Fashioners plunk down and conceptualize a great deal of thoughts, dispose of a large portion of them until an appropriate one is found for examination at an increasingly point by point level empowering the best to be picked (8). In the past the HVAC framework was given less need in term of structure based on problematic thought, for example, inclinations for particular kinds of frameworks, or hardware spending plan or space limitations forced by modelers (9). Structure and development were completed by two distinct gatherings. Originators used to structure the framework and leave. The contractual workers did the HVAC establishment and appointed the frameworks. Inadequately structured HVAC frameworks present wellbeing risk and uneasiness to the structure tenants. The development of â€Å"sick building syndrome† prompted the acknowledgment that the HVAC framework itself goes about as a reproducing and fixation site for pathogens and allergens (9). The conduit net work of a focal air taking care of framework acts fire danger like these are perfect way for fire, smoke and dangerous gases. They are additionally practical objective for fear based oppressors to discharge compound and organic specialist into a structure. These days, conventional expert practices are supplanted by multi-disciplinary practices. A fresher methodology is expected to the arranging and co-appointment for multi disciplinary structures and their framework plans to encourage incorporation and correspondence over the orders (10). It has been called attention to that poor correspondence, an absence of documentation, missing information data, an absence of co-appointment among disciplines and whimsical dynamic is the fundamental issue in structure the executives (3). Architects attempt to accomplish palatable or suitable arrangements. The structure will in general occur through a progression of stages during which plan parts are consistently trialed, tried, assessed and refined. Hence, most structure forms include a lot of input from the various people utilized to plan the framework. It very well may be seen that surrenders in a got done with building additionally demonstrates the inability to convey the known innovative compone nts that have been acknowledged for a long time during the structure procedure. The issues caused appear to be expected more to the lacks in overseeing correspondence during the plan procedure, as opposed to innovation disappointment (3). Air conditioning frameworks for the advanced structures must turn out to be completely upgraded. Solace, wellbeing and security work required for every region in the office must be executed impeccably. Execution of a decent HVAC framework bodes well. Streamlined HVAC frameworks decrease the capital expense and hardware space. They give the best solace and wellbeing which expands profitability (9). Life-cycle cost is extraordinarily diminished in light of the fact that improved frameworks work with the least conceivable vitality. As of late, the HVAC business has been feeling the squeeze to decrease the vitality devoured by HVAC plants and increment vitality productivity to save non-renewable energy sources and lessen carbon discharges. Air conditioning frameworks in commonplace business structures are liable for in excess of 40 percent of the complete vitality yield (11). Low and zero carbon advancements can be coordinated into the HVAC frameworks to accomplish maintainability. Appropriately planned HVAC frameworks run at top proficiency augmenting vitality utilized without trading off warm solace or indoor air quality.â It requires a coordinated structure approach. It has been brought up that by receiving this kind of structure, superior with different advantages can be accomplished at an absolute cost lower than all the segments utilized in the undertaking (1). The structure procedure should be all around arranged and controlled, so as to limit the impacts of intricacy and vulnerability (12). As the incl usion of related professionals’ disciplines with simultaneous plan forms is currently the standard, all around oversaw configuration forms with successful correspondence is the way to limiting mistakes that could prompt imperfect structures or frameworks later on (3). A fruitful HVAC configuration process includes intuitive endeavors, Co-appointment and task programming End Air conditioning frameworks assume a significant job in keeping a structure agreeable. The structure of HVAC frameworks includes working with a group of experts showing different controls. Structure blunders ought to be forestalled or recognized during the plan procedure. These structure blunders are exorbitant in time, adjust, cash and lost notorieties. Successful structure of maintainable HVAC framework is expected to make structures survivable in a present atmosphere of high vitality costs. Dealing with the HVAC configuration process effectively sets aside significant time and cash just as conveying ventures on schedule and inside spending plan. References 1. Building Design. Fedral Energy Management Program. [Online] US Department of Energy. [Cited: 17 April 2011.] http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/29267-4.1.pdf. 2. Formoso, C. T., Tzotzopoulos, R., Jobim, M. S. A Protocol for Managing the Design Process in the Building Industry. Londonâ : Spon, 1999. 3. Cornik, T. Quality Management for Building. Rushdenâ : Butterworth, 1991. p. 218. 4. Ferguson, I. Buildability in Practice. Londonâ : Mitchell, 1989. p. 175. 5. Controlling the Flow of Design Information to improve the Programming of Building Design. Austin, S., Baldwin, An., and Newton, A. Londonâ : spon, 1994, Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 12 (5), pp. 445-455. 6. Fagan, Garrett G. Washing in Public in the Roman World . Michiganâ : The Unversity of Michigan Press, 2002. pp. 56-66. 7. Gibson, Edward. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Londonâ : Strahan Cadell, 1837. p. 433. Vol. 1, part XXXL. 8. Cross, N. Building Design Methods: Strategies for Product Design. Third Edition. Londonâ : John Wiley and Sons Limited, 1994. 9. Donald R. Wulfinghoff, P.E. The Future of HVAC. Vitality books. [Online] [Cited: 19 April 2011.] energybooks.com/pdf/Future_of_HVAC_for_EIP_Website_071025.pdf. 10. An information stream model to design and deal with the structure configuration process. AUSTIN, S., BALDWIN, A. NEWTON, A. No. 1, 1996, Journal of Engineering Design, Vol. 7, pp. 3-25. 11. Vitality Consumption in the United Kingdom. DECC. [Online] [Cited: April 15 2011.] decc.gov.uk/resources/decc/Statistics/distributions/ecuk/file11250.pdf. 12. Pennycook, K. Configuration Checks for HVAC. Second version. s.l.â : BSRIA, 2007.

Easy to Use Mind Map Templates for Teachers and Students

Easy to Use Mind Map Templates for Teachers and Students Whether it be studying for an upcoming exam or prepping a course curriculum for next semester’s wave of enthusiastic students â€" a mind map might just be the secret weapon you’re looking for. Not sure where to start? Here are two mind maps created using MindMeister templates to help you along: Use a Mind Map to Create The Perfect Lesson Plan A lesson plan, like a business plan, forces you to sit down and think about what your ultimate goal is. Then translate that into a clear, structured, and practical plan. Using a mind map to create your lesson plan will simplify the process, why? Because it’s easy!   It’s also fun â€" mind mapping mimics the way your mind processes information. It’s inherently creative and encourages out-of-the-box thinking. So, something that could otherwise be quite tedious and administrative in nature turns into something that’s creative, intuitive and comes naturally. Replace your linear hand-written notes or typed up table with a mind map and allow your creative juices to flow! Creating your mind map using MindMeister has tons of advantages, such as: It gives you an overview   You can store all your resources (pictures, videos, worksheets, documents, links) in one centralized place It’s online, that means it can be expanded on and edited as need be. You can also share your mind map with your colleagues and enable them to collaborate on it with you. They can use it to give you feedback, add their own ideas, or get inspiration for their own lesson plans. Start at the Top and Work Your Way Around Clockwise The lesson plan template can be found in the new and improved MindMeister templates library, accessible directly from your MindMeister dashboard.   Don’t use MindMeister yet? Create your free account now and join thousands of other teachers around the world who use mind maps to empower learners, improve comprehension and more! First off, give your lesson a title and a duration â€" we’ve added in a section for that in the form of a floating topic. Add the goals or rather learnings that you’d like your students to achieve to the objectives section. It’s important to be as detailed and precise as possible. Make sure that your objectives are measurable as Tracy Smith aptly points out on the Arizona State University blog: “Effective learning objectives use action verbs to describe what you want your students to be able to do by the end of the course or unit. Aligning assessments with course expectations is much easier when you have written measurable objectives from the beginning.” Action verbs include words such as “understand”, “describe”, “analyse”, and “critically evaluate”. Including these in your objectives will give you the framework required to assess your students.   Resources Required resources is pretty self-explanatory. This is where you can add in the course materials that your students need for that particular lesson â€" it could be a chapter from the course textbook or it could be a case study that your students need to work through. Time to Teach   Use Introduction/Set to map out how you want to begin your lesson. Introduce new material with a little game or quiz, or better yet, go with an open-ended question that will get your students thinking. You could also include a quick recap of last week’s course material (if it’s related). Once that’s filled out, move onto the next section, direct instruction. Use the direct instruction topic to outline how you plan to deliver your lesson. Will it be through a presentation? Through a video? Note it all down here.   Guided Practice Gauge how much of the material your class understood by making them apply their conceptual knowledge through guided practice. “In the Guided Practice section of your written lesson plan, you will outline how your students will demonstrate that they have grasped the skills, concepts, and modeling that you presented to them in the Direct Instruction portion of the lesson. This is where you let them work independently while they are still in the classroom, providing a supportive learning environment where you can empower them to work on their own, but still offer support.” â€" Beth Lewis An example of guided practice would be dividing your class up into groups, and asking them to come up with a few concrete examples of how the content of the lesson could be applied in real life. This could be followed by mini-presentations where students share their findings with the class. Even though educators are often faced with time constraints, there are so many advantages to setting aside time for guided practice, as Meredith Tumilty from The Teaching Toolbox states: “In terms of benefits, guided instructional practices are very student-centered and foster an active learning environment. Often times, guided instruction strategies are grounded in learning experiences that are authentic and have real-world applications. This, in turn, facilitates higher-order thinking skills is engaging for students. They often have a social component, which allows students opportunities to engage with their classmates, exchange ideas, and learn how to work together towards a common goal. Another advantage of guided instruction is that it gives students ownership over their education.” Independent Practice Next up is independent practice, the part of the lesson where students take what you’ve taught them and use that newly acquired knowledge to complete a task on their own. It’s also known as the “homework” part of the lesson. The important thing to remember here, is that students need to be able to realistically complete the assignment with minimal help or mistakes after the lesson. Evaluation and Analysis But the lesson doesn’t end after your students complete their homework assignments. Assess the success of your lesson in the evaluation section.This could take the form of an essay or a written test or a term project. If you assigned an essay to your students as homework, use the evaluation section to note down their results. And finally, it’s important to see whether you’ve achieved your learning objectives or not. Assess the outcome of your lesson through the analysis of essay grades, homework assignments, and/or test scores. Have all your students passed? Have they all grasped the concepts you taught? Understanding and, more importantly, measuring your success is essential. It’s a way for you to get a better understanding of the level your students are at. Use the analysis section in your mind map to outline your next steps. Does it involve delving deeper into a topic? Do parts of the lesson need to be repeated? Does it involve additional homework assignments? Use a mind map to plan a lesson that will leave your students more engaged, focused and intrigued.   Need examples of how to use mind maps for business? Check out this blog post. Use a Mind Map to Ace Your Exam Exam time is notoriously stressful. It can be a great source of anxiety and panic for most. Especially if you’re not (or feel that you’re not) adequately prepared.   Ever strived to be the perfect student? The type of student who studied throughout the year with perfectly organized and summarized notes. You know, the type of student who was always calm ahead of exams because all that needed to be done was revision.   Unfortunately, given the jam-packed schedule that most students juggle, being completely organized isn’t always possible. What’s more, creating a concrete study plan out of a year’s worth of class notes can 1.) be overwhelming and 2.) end up taking A LOT of time. Time that could rather be used forwellstudying.   But there’s no need to dedicate any more time than absolutely necessary to creating your study plan. We’ve created a mind map template solely for that purpose.   Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Exam Preparation on MindMeister. Exam Preparation by Susan Kachele Let’s break it down: Instantly relieve yourself of exam anxiety by assembling all the important information relating to your upcoming exam in one place, because the more you know, the more you can prepare. The central topic is called “Exam Preparation”, but you can rename this to the name of the exam you’re prepping for. The four child topics have been organized in such a way that you get an overview of the most important aspects that you’ll need to think about in order to prepare for your exam. But remember, it’s only a template, so feel free to add or remove topics and customize it to suit your needs. Starting at the top, the topics are: General: Add in all the particulars of your exam such as; date, type (e.g. oral or written), number of questions, and grading. Once you’ve filled-out each section, take it a step further and add a link or links to your previous exam results. Use a connecting arrow to show the connection to the resources section. Weeks until exam   is where the magic happens. Your personal countdown aka action plan. Separate the weeks by the study material you’d like to cover. This could be by lectures or by textbook chapters for example. Don’t forget to schedule in time for revision and to keep track of your progress by marking your completion status. Easy peasy. Resources is where you’d link to your research, summaries, completed assignments, past exam papers, lecture notes and other mind maps that you’ve created. Turn your mind map into your own personal hub of information. And finally, make use of the notes section to add any additional tit-bits of information. An example could be the one-on-one appointment that you’ve just scheduled with your professor where you’d dry-run your oral exam, or the case studies that are important to study for the essay section in your exam. The sky’s the limit. Using a mind map to prepare for your exam will help you: Keep track of all the things you need to do in order to pass, Mark off what’s been completed (with progress icons) so that you know what still needs to be studied, Store and manage all your resources in one centralized place, Expand on, update and make changes in real-time, And finally, maintain an overview of everything relating to your exam So what are you waiting for?Get MindMeister Today!

Dakota Office Productsgmo the Value Versus Growth Dilemma

Abstract The case GMO: The Value versus Growth Dilemma describes Dick Mayo’s puzzlement by the New Economy’s continuous bias toward growth-investment strategies. As one of the most celebrated value investors in the United States, he examines the basics of his philosophy versus that of a growth orientation by evaluating long-term expected returns of several value and growth stocks. The following paper was examined to pursue several objectives: (1) to define value and growth investing – where the differences lie and whether one approach is superior to the other or whether both have merit; (2) to perform basic valuations of Cisco Systems (a growth company), CVS, R.R. Donnelly and Manor Care (value companies) and to compute their long-term†¦show more content†¦While value investors may miss out on stock price surges like those experienced back in the days of the dotcom bubble, their shares’ prices are usually less susceptible to market downturns because these investors usually do not unload their investments and flee the market when there are sudden downward swings. In contrast, growth investing is characterized by pursuing stocks that are considered to have some above-average or exceptional future growth due to â€Å"less tangible† qualities that will produce gains higher than those of industry peers, if not the overall market. Investors can have a difficult time evaluating these stocks but are nevertheless drawn by factors such as a sustainable competitive advantage, funds set aside for capital investments in the company, or some potential market opportunity of which the firm can take advantage. These stocks tend to have high price-to-earnings ratios, as investors have faith in the future of the company and are willing to pay handsomely for these securities, which in turn drives prices even higher. During times delineated by a bull market and/or an economic expansion, investing in growth stocks can be very lucrative as they can catch onto the market’s upward momentum and appreciate very quickly, creating opportunities for profit-taking. On the other hand, if there is a sudden downward swing in the market, they tend to be sold more quickly and drop in price more dramatically than value

Morality Of One Spending All Their Time And Money On...

This argumentative essay will discuss the morality of one spending all their time and money on family and friends, rather than helping others. I will argue that it is morally correct to spend all your time and money on friends and family because every individual should be autonomous and govern their own life based on their values. I will argue this with the fact that as humans, we are rational beings and have the ability to give value to our beliefs through action. If a person believes that it is of greater importance to only dedicate their time and money to family and friends, then they must use their autonomy to act in such a way that affirms these beliefs. It is morally correct for a person to spend all their time and money on family†¦show more content†¦Throughout Hare’s writing on utilitarianism, many points can be drawn to say he has a clear objection to not giving to all, those you know and those you don’t know, equally. Hare says that everyone is equal and therefore we must, â€Å"show equal respect and concern for all†. (Hare 2009, 87) He says this in conjunction with Bentham’s statement on the equality of all persons, â€Å"Everybody to count for one, nobody for more than one† (cited in Mill 1861: Ch. 5). (Hare 2009, 87) This is to say that you should not view any single person as more than another person regardless of circumstance, â€Å"in making moral judgments we have to be impartial between the interests of the people affected by our judgments†. (Hare 2009, 87) This entails that not giving to everyone would be a direct violation of morality in Hare’s eyes. In my argument I will discuss why I believe this point faults and cannot be used within the parameters of the giving situation I am arguing for. Continuing in my exposition I will now introduce an objection that Hare raised in his writing, this is the objection that I will use and expand in my argument. The lack of recognition for the distinction of every individual person is one of the most common objections to utilitarianism. (Hare 2009, 88) In Hare’s writing he says that this objection should not be accepted because departingShow MoreRelatedMoral Development in the Adventures of Huckleberry Fin by Mark Twain754 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause â€Å"I was most ready to cry; but all at once I thought of a way, and so I offered [the Gang] Miss Watson - they could kill her† (6). This is when Huck offers her up to the gang in the event that he would spill of the gang’s beans because he didnt have any true family to give up. This clearly shows that Huck has no respect for another’s life and is willing to just throw someone who is good to him under the bus just so he could join a gang with his friends. A similar event occurred when he wasRead MoreOn Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics 1681 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two most important ethical theories throughout contemporary philosophy. 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Modern Political Theory Free Essays

string(81) " promising a beatific afterlife as a reward for the proper conduct of this life\." Freedom, one of our most common and powerful concepts, is used (and misused) with extraordinarily little appreciation of its significance. Not only is freedom poorly understood, but we are falsely confident that we do understand it (Dudley 24). One of my main goals in this paper, therefore, is to explain it. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Political Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to do so, freedom ought to be understood or conceived by comparison. In preparation for these interpretations, the paper will consider very briefly the two most important conceptions of freedom on which Mill and Nietzsche build. The first and less comprehensive of these two is that of liberalism. The second, which is more comprehensive than that of liberalism, is that of Nietzsche. The purpose of this paper is to consider the relationships between the conceptions of freedom developed by Mill and Nietzsche. These conceptions, while undeniably different, are complementary. Nietzsche believed that freedom is one of the fundamental problems. But not freedom understood in conventional or political terms. Freedom for Nietzsche depends upon both moral virtue and intellectual virtue, yet it is neither exercised in or nor achieved through political life. That does not mean that Nietzsche’s account of freedom is devoid of political implications. To the contrary, his peculiar identification of freedom with philosophy and mastery reflects a rank order of values in which political liberty and legal slavery are essentially indistinguishable—both, from the perspective afforded by the commanding heights above political life where the free spirit dwells, are equally forms of unfreedom. Addressing a â€Å"serious word† to â€Å"the most serious,† Nietzsche connects freedom to devotion to the truth (BGE 25). While he warns â€Å"philosophers and friends of knowledge† about the temptation to martyrdom involved in â€Å"suffering ‘for the truth’s sake’!† (BGE 25), he nevertheless indicates that the truth is worth seeking for those fit for freedom and solitude. Whereas scientific knowledge serves life by fostering ignorance, philosophical knowledge seems to undermine life by estranging the knower from society. Whereas the scientist, a lover of ignorance from Nietzsche’s perspective, is destined to a pleasant unfreedom, the philosopher, in Nietzsche’s sense of the term a lover of truth, achieves an excruciating freedom through fidelity to his vocation. This fidelity consists in a measured skepticism directed toward all doctrines, accompanied by a prudent withdrawal from political life. The free spirit’s knowledge and freedom are not the highest of which human beings are capable. The highest awaits the advent of a â€Å"new species of philosophers† (BGE 42-44). These future philosophers are especially characterized by the risky experiments they undertake. They probably will be â€Å"friends of ‘truth†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and very likely will love â€Å"their truths,† but, Nietzsche insists, they â€Å"will certainly not be dogmatists† (BGE 43). By this he does not mean that the new philosophers will lack beliefs they hold to be true, but rather that they will refrain from insisting that what is true for them must be â€Å"a truth for everyman.† Yet so far from reflecting a leveling doctrine that celebrates the equality or dignity of all opinions, Nietzsche’s understanding of dogmatism is rooted in the deeply aristocratic view that only the â€Å"higher type of man† is fit to hear, and to live in accordance with, the highest insights (BGE 30). While the free spirit remains the new philosopher’s herald and precursor (BGE 44), there is a chasm on the opposite side between the freedom of the free spirit (der Freie Geist) and the freedom of the â€Å"falsely so-called ‘free spirits,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ that is, the freethinkers (Freidenker), the democrats, all the â€Å"goodly advocates of ‘modern ideas†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (BGE 44). Free thinkers reveal their unfreedom in their â€Å"basic inclination† to see aristocratic political life as the root of all suffering and misfortune. Nietzsche discovers in the democratic interpretation of political life the same offense against truth that he claims Plato perpetrated, for it is â€Å"a way of standing truth happily up on her head† (BGE 44). Democratic freethinkers, wishing to spread material prosperity, guarantee comfort and security, establish universal equality, and most characteristically abolish suffering, are blind to the rank order of human types and hence enslaved to ignorance. What is so terrible from Nietzsche’s point of view in the promotion of democratic, bourgeois notions of the good is not simply that the democratic interpretation of man is false but rather that, like Socrates’ theoretical interpretation of reality and Christianity’s religious interpretation of the world, the democratic interpretation cripples those of high rank by poisoning the air that free spirits breathe. The free spirit is educated and elevated not by material prosperity but by deprivation, not by comfort and security but by fear and isolation, not by equality but by slavery, not by the abolition of suffering but by the release of â€Å"everything evil, terrible, tyrannical in man,† and not by happiness but by â€Å"malice against the lures of dependence that lie hidden in honors, or money, or offices, or enthusiasms of the senses† (BGE 44). Nietzsche knows of no interest that supersedes, recognizes no right that limits, and sees no good beside that of the higher type. This is not a matter of calculation but of principle. Embracing as his own the struggle to return truth to her feet and restore her dignity, Nietzsche defends truth’s honor by challenging not only Plato but Christianity, the form in which Platonism has conquered Europe. The struggle against Christianity has opened up tremendous new possibilities; it â€Å"has created in Europe a magnificent tension of the spirit, the like of which has never yet existed on earth.† Note that Nietzsche not only makes philosophy, and its political reflection in Christianity, responsible for the worst, most durable, and most dangerous of all errors, but, in proclaiming that â€Å"with so tense a bow we can now shoot for the most distant goals,† he also finds in philosophy the source of his highest hope (Dudley 31). That most distant goal, which he speculates is only now coming into view for â€Å"good Europeans, and free, very free spirits,† among whom he classes himself, is a philosophy of the future. Platonism and Christianity granted human beings a sense of security as individuals. Christianity did this by promising a beatific afterlife as a reward for the proper conduct of this life. You read "Modern Political Theory" in category "Essay examples" Platonism gave the individual the hope that individual limitations could be transcended by rational insight which, when fully developed, could transport the soul to an experience of the ultimate, atemporal reality. Christianity and Platonism offered the individual a sense that the activities of this life were meaningful by referring them to unchanging realities outside life. The Platonic-Christian interpretation of individual existence is, in a sense, already dead, according to Nietzsche. The members of the modern world do not really experience their lives as meaningful as a consequence of these traditions’ extraworldly visions. But modern human beings who have come to believe that this world is the only world, this life the only life the individual will ever experience, are likely to be disturbed by this insight. Our Platonic and Christian background has given us the sense that our activities have meaning, yet the ground of that meaning no longer seems available. Nietzsche’s version of this critique of liberalism is implicit in his discussions of decadence. For the decadent subject, it turns out, is precisely one whose will fails to be self-determining. Free willing is reserved for, and is the determining characteristic of, the noble subject, with whom Nietzsche contrasts the decadent. Nietzsche’s discussions of decadence and nobility can thus fruitfully be understood as addressing the question of the necessary requirements of a free will. Nietzsche also recognizes, like Mill, that even the most freely willing subject remains incompletely free, and that an adequate account of freedom must therefore discuss the activities that provide a liberation that willing cannot. Nietzsche’s account of the limitations of willing is implicit in his critique of nobility. The noble subject manages to will freely, but nonetheless remains externally determined and so incompletely free. This incomplete freedom of nobility is overcome only by those individuals and communities able to develop the stance that Nietzsche characterizes as tragic. Nietzsche understands the development of the tragic stance required by freedom to depend upon philosophy. He thus agrees with Mill that freedom is not only treated in philosophical works, but also produced through philosophical practice. Mill’s discussion of liberty focuses on when society may impose constraints on individuals, rather than on the nature of constraint. Accordingly, his discussion generally refers to intentional, rather than unintentional, constraints on individuals. Nevertheless, Mill believes that customs and traditions are constraining. To the extent that these are the unintentional results of human life, he is committed to the view that some constraint is unintentional. Mill has argued that the social tyranny of others which takes place in moral coercion, custom, and tradition is one of the most important constraints that people face today (Mill 1956: 7). For instance, if people express their views that homosexuality or polygamy ought to be allowed, but their neighbors and employers strongly disagree (even though the government does not), they may be constrained in their actions and lifestyles. Finding work may be more difficult; access to housing may be blocked. They may feel themselves compelled to move to other cities or countries to live. Thus, though early liberalism placed great emphasis on the limitation of freedom by physical constraint, it is false to maintain that it has only done this. Mill is simply much more sensitive than Nietzsche in recognizing that social pressure may be â€Å"more formidable than many kinds of political oppression, since, though not usually upheld by such extreme penalties, it leaves fewer means of escape, penetrating much more deeply into the details of life, and enslaving the soul itself† (Mill 1956: 7). Further, Mill’s view has been dominant amongst liberals. Morality, custom, tradition, and the law are viewed as constraints on people’s freedom. One is less free to the extent that he or she is constrained by any of these institutions. The implication of the preceding expanded concept of constraint is that any narrow or restricted model of liberal freedom can no longer be defended. Once the Pandora’s box of constraints is opened, the thrust and momentum of this view is not to be detoured. The burden will always be placed on the person who claims not to see an obstacle by those who claim to see the obstacle and claim that their activity is hindered, retarded, or impeded by that obstacle. Some liberals have tried to stem this tide, but they fight an overwhelming flood. The thrust of liberalism is such that if an obstacle can be humanly removed, then it will be seen as inhibiting someone’s freedom if it is not removed. The upshot is an enormous extension in the number and kinds of constraints to which people are thought to be subject. The implications of this are of the first importance. There remains one essential aspect of the liberal determination of when constraints may be imposed on other individuals. How directly or indirectly may individuals impose injuries on themselves or others without being legitimately subject to restraint in the name of freedom? To decide this issue is part and parcel of the liberal attempt to define a sphere of privacy as opposed to publicity – a private realm of freedom, in which people may act, think, and relate to consenting others without constraints imposed by others. In this private realm, and only in this private realm, may that ideal of complete freedom be most fully realized. Mill refers to such a sphere of personal, private life, where society may not legitimately interfere as â€Å"the appropriate region of human liberty† (Mill 1956: 16). In this realm, Mill says, â€Å"in the part which merely concerns himself, his independence is, of right, absolute. Over himself, over his body and mind, the individual is sovereign† (Mill 1956: 13). Nietzsche’s philosophical practice, however, is quite obviously not the same as Mill’s. Mill’s philosophy is always systematic philosophy. Nietzschean philosophy is resolutely unsystematic. And thus, although Mill and Nietzsche agree that philosophy has a role to play in our liberation, the liberating roles that they envision for philosophy, and consequently their conceptions of freedom itself, are significantly different. Works Cited Beyond Good and Evil, trans. Walter Kaufmann, New York: Vintage, 1966. Dudley, Will. Hegel, Nietzsche, and Philosophy: Thinking Freedom. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2002. Mill, J. S. On Liberty, Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc, 1956. How to cite Modern Political Theory, Essay examples

Various Ethical Theories Analysis

Table of Contents Approaches to Ethical decisions Utilitarianism Kant’s moral approach Psychological egoism and ethical egoism Didactic stories Ethical virtues and ethics of conduct Reference List Approaches to Ethical decisions Ethics is a prerequisite for human existence. It is a mean of determining a sequence of action to be taken. Without ethics, individual actions would be unsystematic and purposeless. This paper analyses various theories learned in class. Besides, the writer categorizes them in hierarchy, basing on decision making within a given domain.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Various Ethical Theories Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Utilitarianism In a utilitarian system, a person portrays a tendency in fulfilling the needs of self as well as fulfilling other people’s needs. The principle in the utilitarian approach designates that; any action should involve certain prin ciples which create happiness within oneself and others. According to Nina (2005), an action that results in the moral rectitude and content should always be viewed as very useful. Using this approach, I will try to enrich the lives of people by adding value to their lives by increasing their satisfaction levels and reducing their sadness levels. Although at a time, it is very difficult to make people happy since what I might think makes them happy, doesn’t work always, but I will try very hard to reduce their sadness. Besides, I will employ the greatest-happiness principle as a key to my interaction with other people. I will aim at considering the moral course of my actions by using the levels of mixed feelings of happiness and unhappiness present in people. For instance, I will ensure that whatever right thing I do will bring an increase the level of happiness in people. However, some action which I will employ at the end brings about the feeling of pleasure and satisfactio n, then that action is morally right contrary to a situation whereby the action taken results in the wrong choice due to the feelings of pain and dissatisfaction. According to Nina (2005), any activity that provides pleasure is right and any action that provides pain is bad. This proposal seems fit since the feeling of pleasure, happiness and satisfaction is always good and right, whereas pain and displeasure always results in unhappiness.Advertising Looking for report on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, I will ensure that my choice of an instrumental value is appropriate to achieve the desired results. The correct choice of the instrumental values results also in the attainment of an intrinsic value. Kant’s moral approach This moral theory is also known as the obligatory theory (deontology). Kant’s moral theory is in contrast with the utilitarian approach and it depicts a little relationship exists between true moral thinking and the consequences of an action (Nina, 2005). The Kant’s approach observes that esteem for the ethical law must be present. Based on this approach, I will argue that whenever an action is done in a good will, the cost (whether good or bad) does not count. For instance, a situation may arise in which a passerby who notices that the oncoming vehicle might hit a pupil who is playing on the road, and shouts a warning to the pupil which frightens the pupil causing her to panic and fall on the road thus being crushed to death, might be deemed as the warning scream from the passerby was meant to save the pupil. The passerby meant good with the warning since it was an alarm to the pupil to move away from the road. Therefore, the principality of right doing should be upheld though it doesn’t always make people happy and comfortable. Psychological egoism and ethical egoism Psychological and ethical egoism have to do with a great deal of selfishness, which is always thinking highly of oneself and criticizing the interests of other people. Being referred to as selfish seems to be unethical, we all agree that we all possess a certain degree of selfishness in us. According to the theory of psychological egoism, all of our doings are selfish since we were created like that. The selfish nature is part of humanity and getting rid of it is impossible (Nina, 2005). Selfishness mainly focuses on the security of one’s survival but is not a total disregard of other’s interests.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Various Ethical Theories Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, someone may enjoy shooting to kill people who have not wronged him. If such a person is arrested and questioned about his acts, he may not have a valid reason for such criminal acts. The criminal may say that he only enjoys shooting to kill, that is, it is part of his hobby. Generally, people find themselves doing things such as; doing drugs, over drinking and smoking, which are not useful. Psychological egoism theory does not criticize selfish human deeds since it perceives the selfish deeds as being beyond human control. An individual can be very loving and concerned also be a psychological egoist. Didactic stories Didactic stories are stories with moral lessons which are mostly narrated to young children by an older person to impact a moral teaching in them. The use of didactic stories is a very effective method to impact moral lessons since the stories are very easy to memorize. Some facts are very complex to explain, but when they are relayed in didactic stories form, they become so easy to understand. For instance, most children don’t understand what death is, but whenever there parent or teacher narrates a story of a dead dog, the story helps them to relate well to the subject matter which is death. Stories can be relayed in various forms such as by the use of television, plays, books and many other forms. Ethical virtues and ethics of conduct These theories analyses the human ethical guidelines. That is, they are mainly focused on the culture of how human beings are supposed to behave ethically. As human beings, we develop the strong desire to be virtuous beings. A virtuous individual is one who is morally upright hence people can bank their trust levels on him. The society tends to judge a virtuous person as a ‘saint’ in such a way that this person is expected to uphold high levels of cleanliness, modesty and purity. The society sees a person who has committed a wrong act as a bad person and that who has committed a right act as a good person.Advertising Looking for report on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Nina, R. (2005). The Moral of the Story: An Introduction to Ethics, New York: McGraw-Hill. This report on Various Ethical Theories Analysis was written and submitted by user Josue Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Leadership and Innovation in the Business

Leadership and Innovation in the Business Introduction This assignment is an article review and analyses the article based on facts about leadership and innovation in the business or organisational context. The article being reviewed is titled ‘Charismatic leadership, change and innovation in an RD organization’.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Leadership and Innovation in the Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors of the article are Neil Paulsen of the University of Queensland Business School; Diana Maldonado of the Sugar Research and Development Corporation, Brisbane, Australia and Victor J. Callan and Oluremi Ayoko of the University of Queensland Business School. In the article, the authors focus on the relationship between the charismatic element of transformative leadership, team work and innovativeness in research and development (RD) organizations. Article Analysis As per the article, leadership can be defined as the abil ity of a person to influence other people to do things which they would not have done without the influence. People with this ability are referred to as leaders and can be found in different settings and contexts ranging from the family, school, government and organization; formal and non-formal, as well as profit and non-profit organizations. In an organisational setting, leaders are responsible for showing others â€Å"the way†. The leaders may have or may not have executive powers in the organisation and they may be or, may not be managers (Northouse, 2009). In the context of the article, leading in an organisational setting entails the leader consolidating the efforts and resources of the organisation and focusing on the future by setting up a vision for the organization; which it intends to achieve in a given period of time using the consolidated efforts and resources.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your f irst paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Russel Consulting, leading entails some distinct elements which include building and sustaining teamwork, strategic thinking, managing conflicts, coaching, inspiring a shared vision, problem solving, performance management and accountability, decision making, delegation, systems thinking, leading change, dealing with ambiguities, developing trust, employee development, customer service, innovation and creativity, emotional intelligence, servant leadership, quality and productivity improvement (Russell Consulting, 2011). According to the authors of the article, transformative leadership involves various aspects, one of them being charisma, which involves among other things developing motivation, morale and performance of teams through variety of mechanisms. The charismatic leader connects to the follower’s sense of identity, challenges the team to take greater ownership for their work and understanding the strengt hs and weakness of the team so that he or she can align it with tasks that it can perform well. Transformative leadership, through the charismatic aspect helps in realising positive change. This is because charismatic leaders are energetic, enthusiastic, inspiring, motivational and passionate about their organisational success and development. In this sense, the leaders are concerned, involved and also focused on helping every member of the group to succeed (Ojo, 2008). Charismatic leadership has got multiple routes to innovativeness in an organisation. The first one is that it leads to establishment of teams which work together. These teams give themselves a social identity which bonds them (Ashforth and Mael, 1989.pp.20-39). This social identity and bonding leads to cooperation among the team members in all aspects, which leads to multiplicity of ideas about how to undertake the tasks, consequently leading to innovation within the team. The other route to innovation is that charis matic leadership directly leads to cooperation within an organisation whereby the employees do not personalise problems or success. This leads to innovation because the employees are more committed the success of the organisation and to them, motivation comes as a result of organisational success not individual success. Every employee therefore brings his or her ideas in the organisation. These ideas are combined and transformed into new ways of doing things in a more efficient and effective manner (Avolio and Bhatia, 2004. pp.951-968).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Leadership and Innovation in the Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lastly, charismatic leadership may directly lead to innovation because the charismatic leaders are knowledgeable and possess high technical know-how especially in research and development. This knowledge and technical know-how by the charismatic leaders when coupled with their other charismatic characteristics directly provokes employees’ thinking on how to improve the functions, processes and procedures of their organisation, thus leading to innovation (Avolio and Bhatia, 2004. pp.951-968). Reference List Ashforth, B.E. and Mael, F. (1989), â€Å"Social identity theory and the organisation†, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 20-39. Avolio, B.J., Zhu, W., Koh, W. and Bhatia, P. (2004), â€Å"Transformational leadership and organisational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance†, Journal of Organisational Behaviuor,Vol.25 No. 8, pp. 951-968. Northouse, P.G.,(2009). Leadership: Theory and Practice. New York, NY: SAGE. Ojo, A., (2008). Leadership Style and Leadership Power. Farmington Hills, MI: ProQuest publishers. Russell Consulting. (2011).Leadership in Organisations: What Does it Mean to Lead?. Available from  http://russellconsultinginc.com/services/lea dership .Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

The 4 Hottest Careers for Generation Y

The 4 Hottest Careers for Generation Y Generation Y (whose members are generally in their late-20s and early-30s) are  facing a job market with fewer, less attractive prospects. Here are four sectors with the 4 hottest careers for generation y that are growing, hiring, and exciting enough to hold your attention. HealthcareEverybody get sick and everybody gets old. But we’re getting better at managing and curing illness, and all of us are living longer. This means health professionals  are in high demand. Whether you want to be a surgeon or a general practitioner or a medical assistant, or you want work on the administrative or research end of things, there will be jobs for you. High paying jobs. Jobs with flexibility for work life balance. And plenty of room for upward movement.EngineeringEngineers are also in demand- the healthcare, environment, and entertainment industries, to name a few, are increasingly requiring and seeking out the services of engineers. The comparatively high average salaries are also a p lus.Software developmentEver wonder who makes all those apps on your phone? Innovation never ceases, and as technologies advance, so does our drive for more software. If you have a passion for technology or good design and functionality, or you just like being on the cutting edge, this career is wide open- and pays extremely well.CoachingThe world is becoming more health and fitness conscious. Get in on this growing field while you still can. Athletic trainers are in higher and higher demand, and the field is expected to grow by 30% over the next 10 years. Fuse together a passion for sports, health expertise, and psychological training, and you can make bank helping athletes achieve their potential.

Fluid mechanics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Fluid mechanics - Assignment Example A body in fluid during transport may be expected to experience drag or resistance due primarily to its irregular form or geometry, from which originates a  form drag. If a submarine, for instance, is designed with unconventional outer surface, water pressure and velocity must likely be non-uniform at several points on the form as submarine’s movement proceeds through the flowing medium. In effect, the random pressure and motion of the water would enable itself to accelerate or decelerate, thereby creating frictional losses out of the fluid’s resistance to the object’s shape as the path of the water around the submerged vehicle is significantly altered in the process. Form drag mostly occurs with aircrafts or airfoils over which air flows and separates so that turbulence becomes the outcome of combined packets of pressure, both high and low, leaving a wake or drag behind the plane. Studies indicate that form drag may be resolved on streamlining a body in order t hat separation, leading to form drag, may be prevented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another drag type is  skin friction drag  which is brought by a contact between fluid particles and the surface of the body about which it moves. The idea is the same with the typical friction discussed in physics, where the resisting force builds along the plane of contact of the skins or surfaces interacting with each other as solids. Skin friction drag, nevertheless, involves interaction between gas molecules and a solid surface in which the drag magnitude is measured on the basis of the properties that identify the solid and the gas. With reduced skin friction drag, unfavourable turbulences may be minimized to desired levels when aerodynamic bodies are rendered smooth or frictionless by polishing to normalize pressure gradients and speed distribution of air. To achieve this end, plane design to suit

Bones a book by Fae Myenne Ng Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bones a book by Fae Myenne Ng - Essay Example It tells the story of the American dream seen from the perspective of a Chinese girl. As the focal point encircles around the question whether Leila is a reliable narrator or not it becomes important to understand the true meaning of reliability in literature. In literature a 'reliable narrator' is a character who presents the characterization in a manner that could be identified with. However, a 'reliable narrator' must always stick to historical facts and there should never be factual errors in that aspect. Characters can be made up but the background of the time and society should never be tampered. Leila is reliable in that context and definitely a 'reliable narrator'. Leila narrates her life with her family and about her surroundings along with a believable description of the socio cultural pressure of being successful within the parameters of the society with wider perspectives of American livelihood. The novel starts with the sentence mentioning that "we were a family of three girls. By Chinese standards, that wasn't lucky. In Chinatown, everyone knew our story. Outsiders jerked their chins, looked at us, shook their heads. We heard things." (Ng, 1) This can be enumerated as a definite example that depicts the socio cultural aspects of the Chinese born population where the society is dominated by the male heirs of the family.

Problem of Inalienable Rights for the Will Theory

Problem of Inalienable Rights for the Will Theory How problematic is the idea of inalienable rights for the will theory? The natural law or the law of nature is that nature determines the law system, so it is universal. This is the law that exists independently of the rules laid down by a political, social, or national order. This is a term that has recently been used in the philosophy used in jurisprudence. Aristotle first mentioned the theory of the law of nature. He argues that nature has laws, legislation, and justice in place and that human beings are best set to draft the legislation of morality. Although he thinks that a perfect political society may not need the law, if laws are needed, then natural law is the best law. In this essay, I will go through the idea of natural rights that explain why it is inalienable. Later on, why inalienable rights can be considered a sight of freedom. Natural Rights are rights that arise from the natural nature of human beings since the birth of a person and have grown up without anyone, including the state or society, having the right to prevent or deprive. These are the right to live for a life-long life; the right to eat, drink, wear, the right to the pursuit of happiness, the right to marry, the right to liberty, Detecting and fighting to identify and protect human nature is an evolutionary leap forward in consciousness. Naturalism is a doctrine that has a natural law that governs human relations when people exist in a natural state. According to this doctrine, the law, as well as the state created by individuals together, have a social agreement that makes. Indeed, natural law, to date, exists only as a hypothesis, in conception, the doctrine of the thinker. The concept of the natural law of thinkers always takes the natural state as a starting point, from human nature in general, from human nature. In philosophy, especially in Anglo-American law traditions, the principle of natural law is implied or explicitly mentioned only in documents such as the Magna Carta and the United States Declaration of Independence. The rights referred to explicitly or implicitly in the above documents are the inherent properties of the human person. For example, quoted from the American Declaration of Independence (US 1776): We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that their Creator endows them with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness stating that this right is the inherent good of the human person . Hillel Steiner (2013) argues that there are rights granted to a person, which is defined in the constitution of a country, and that it cannot be altered or transferred to anyone else in any way. For while those bearers can forfeit those rights by engaging in some act of serious wrongdoing, what they lack the authority just to extinguish other persons obligations and disabilities to respect those rights. Innocent bearers of inalienable rights are, necessarily, stuck with them (Steiner, Hillel 2013). But the question is whether those rights are for whom and what those rights are. The partial answer is found when Neil (1984) mentions the children rights, one of the fundamental rights that cannot be separated. But this is a complicated matter to determine as children are too young to recognize everything around them. Not only that parents is the one, who takes care of their children as an element of the society. Some of these teenagers and some of their children live happily and fulfilled lives. But far too many do not. Teenage mothers are less likely to finish their education, less likely to find a good job, and more liable to end up both as single parents and bringing up their children in poverty. The children themselves run a much greater risk of poor health and have a much higher chance of becoming teenage mothers themselves. Our failure to tackle this problem has cost the teenagers, their children and the country dear. (SEU, 1999, 4). The reason Duncan (2005) puts it here is t hat there is a lack of public concern for teenagers. While the pregnancy rate at this age is always high plus a high rate of abortions as well that are common at this stage. Meanwhile, young families also have the disadvantage that parents of children who are often unemployed, burdened with the responsibility of raising, educating the economy and the state subsidies. That shows a problem, although childrens rights mention that they were born to have the right to live and to be cared for. But it seems that the people who gave birth to them do not have the ability to do so. So such inalienable rights are in fact in the hands of their parents rather than in the constitution or the state. Citizenship is another right that stands for the idea of inalienable. As it is considered about the state, that is, only those who are new citizens have those rights, and that right is not granted to non-citizens, are excluded from the community. People of another country or living in another country. Citizenship may vary in different countries. This right includes not only the imposition of those authorizing the state but also the interests and burdens that the creators of the political community share and accept. Meanwhile, human rights are universally acknowledged in every nation and community. Morality is also a part of being talked about when it comes to natural rights that cannot be changed. Because it is a part of nature, from what is in the human being. But people can change for any one benefit. Therefore, it is a moral reason that the government pay particular attention to and bring into law to ensure the interests of all its citizens. Ethics are standards and principles recognized by public opinion, which regulate human behavior and relations with one another and with society, on ones party and with the political party and the political parties. Other levels . The concepts of right and wrong, conscience and honor, duties, and rights, responsibilities, happiness, justice are the categories of moral consciousness. Class ethics. Ethics occupy a dominant position, holding the place of social morality is the morality of the ruling class. Ethics will not be content if it is not mingled with politics and legislation. However, in society, there is class division, right cont ent level. Engel asserted that, together with all the moral doctrines that existed so far, they were products of the socio-economy of the time. And, just as society has so far developed in class opposition, ethics has always been the virtue of a particular class. In classed society, the dominant type propagates its ethical standards as universal principles and norms for the whole community to safeguard the political dominance of that class. Thus, the ethics of class society always contain political content and political service. In feudal, ethical, legal and political societies. In other words, there, politics has turned into moral codes. Therefore, ethics and policy rules become chains that bind laborers. It is also because morality is always associated with politics, so the advanced classes representing the rising trend of society, always have new and positive moral attitudes. History has shown that, as the bourgeoisie rises and takes on a leading role in society, against the declining feudalism, their moral views contain many following and positive aspects. By contrast, when the bourgeoisie was no longer representative of the continuous development of society, it became an old and politically reactionary class. It is because of the above characteristics, in society, there are class opposites, in addition to the morality of the ruling class, there is the morality of the people. The morality of citizens is progressive morality through the historical periods of human society. Ethical relations of the people are contradictory, conflict with the policies and policies of the ruling class, exploitation. In general, in a class-struggle society, there can be no consistency between the polit ical system and the morality of the people. Referring to a socialist society in which the most fundamental goal is to liberate people, to free up a society, to promote patriotism and respect for people, the real moral values of humanity. Opportunities and possibilities to be realized. In that society, the interests of the working class are consistent with the benefit of the community and the entire labor force. Although derived from the two approaches, both the traditional and modern school of natural law assert that the state must depend on norms based on nature and acknowledge where people are free to serve their interests and needs. However, natural rights in general, in addition to paying attention to the distinction between the state and the public sphere, underscore the responsibility that goes hand in hand with rights from both the state and the civil society. In other words, natural rights law treats the obligation of reciprocity between people as unconditional and at the sa me time emphasizes the dignity of the individual and the duty of the citizen. When studying the relationship between law and ethics, it is important to note that there should be no rigid distinction between them; For example, the difference is that the law is coercive and compulsive, and the moral is voluntary, self-conscious, coercive and coercive. Because, in fact, in some places, at times ethics and law both require self-discipline and coercion. The dominant classes in class-struggle societies are desperate and always look for ways to make the working masses believe and obey their laws, but they cannot do it. Due to the nature of exploitation and the law, there is always a sharp contradiction to the working class, whenever the ruling class is forced to resort to coercive measures to maintain its laws. As for morality, the feudal and bourgeois classes also used sophisticated coercive measures to compel the working population to obey through religion, school, through feudalism. Thus, the law of coercion by the power of all the State apparatus, but ethics has the force of pressure on public opinion. However, between law and ethics, there is a difference, there is relatively independent movement, although it is a class in class society. Law is a system of rules, principles expressed by laws, ordinances, decree , built by social life to orient and regulate the behavior of all members of society. Behind the legal system is the huge State apparatus along with other specialized agencies to ensure law enforcement. The development of human history shows that the law comes into being only when the appearance of private, class, and state occurs in society. Meanwhile, the moral life of society began as early as humanity entered its history and was initially manifested through first customs. Freedom and equality are co-existence. It is impossible for this person to have more freedom than another unless the other person is deprived of his or her freedom of choice. Freedom consists of many contents, in which, the most important are: human right to live and the pursuit of happiness, inviolability of the body; Freedom of thought and freedom of speech, freedom of access to truth. People of all ages, places and times all want and fight for freedom, which also manifests the inevitability of liberty. No one is free if he does not lose himself. However, since the time of human society, the concept of freedom is also influenced by social relations. Thousands of years, no matter what era, in any mode, freedom is always the top priority of human beings. Following after the death of hunger, people have first the need for freedom. Freedom is the greatest happiness. Freedom to bring joy. People find happiness in freedom. The secret of happiness is freedom. The secret of freedom is courage. In a slave society, people are almost entirely free; they have only the status of a tool, a means, like a buffalo horse, used by the owner to plow Serve, serve the boss. They can be beaten to death at any time, or sold as barter. That is, they have no freedom to live, no right to be human. After the slavery, the civilized society gradually, people began to have some freedoms, initially less, more and more, soon, the society gradually improved and more freedom. Feudal society is freer than slave society. Capitalist society is more liberal than feudal. The capitalist period is more liberal than early capitalism. Freedom, as we know it, is inevitable itself, and very broad, in all areas, where human activity is. But on the other hand, freedom is always limited! It is the limit not to infringe on the freedom of others, not to harm the community, to the nation, to social responsibility. Usually, concepts are defined by one other than it. Private freedom is not restricted to that but is constrained by itself. Freedom is limited by the freedom of others, that is, by itself, not by another. Not to harm the community, for the nation is in essence not intrusive of the freedom of others, the freedom of others also forms the second face, the inevitable Of freedom. In other words, liberty and inevitability are two sides of the same body that are inseparable, not contradictory and not mutually exclusive. Freedom to move from the inevitable Kingdom is Engels way of saying. Thus, freedom is indispensable, necessary freedom, vital democracy, important to guarantee freedom, inevitably by freedom (of others ), free and indispensable in parallel survival and development. However, do not take advantage of the second face is inevitable, on behalf of it to impede freedom. When a class (or corporation) ruled without progress, curtailing history, Marx calls them reactionary, often explains that freedom must be within the will of the authorities. The authorities allow wherever people are free to go. In essence, it is also sophistry. In a civilized country, society is governed by uniform laws, with the supreme rule of law, everyone must obey, no one, no organization is above the law. It is also the indispensable aspect of freedom. On the other hand, the rule of law must be a following, the rule of law by the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹civil rights, in which human freedom, in other words, personal freedom, and the right of the people. Citizens of the people are the nucleus of the core the core. Thus, following the rule of law is the rule of law that does not restrain freedom. French law is both an indispensable face of freedom, as well as a tool to defend freedom, liberate people, free people and develop. Although not every movement recognizes the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹human rights, the notion of the presence of human rights can not be deprived of humanity in the social life of the West. Philosophers and politicians talked about the right to life, liberty, and property. Later, society recognized civil rights and political rights (freedom of speech, freedom of belief, freedom of assembly, freedom of association) as well as social rights (labor rights, Rest, right to have to house ). The nineteenth century also added the right to participate in social management, democratic rights Although the rights of natural rights are still controversial, the spirit of natural rights and the perception of duties. People and civil rights have influenced not only the views of researchers on democracy but also on the way in which the model of organization of state power in practice has been shaped. Bibliography Alan Gewirth, Human Dignity as the Basis of Rights, in Meyer and Parent, eds., The Constitution of Rights (Ithaca, New York, 1992), pp. 10-28. Duncan, S. (2005). Whats the problem?. London: London South Bank University, Families Social Capital ESRC Research Group. Steiner, Hillel. Directed duties and inalienable rights. Ethics 123, no. 2 (2013): 230-244. MacCormick, N. (1986). Legal right and social democracy. 1st ed. Oxford [u.a.]: Clarendon Press. Downs, Robert B. 1983. Books That Changed the World. 2d ed. New York: Penguin.

What Makes a Good Meal

A good meal is one that has the desirable qualities which can distinguish it from ordinary meals (American Heritage Dictionary). Therefore, a good meal should be tasteful, healthy and nicely served. This includes all the processes for the preparation of food – from selecting the ingredients, cooking, garnishing and serving the food – giving considerations to the time and environment, wherein the meal is supposed to be served. Making a good meal starts by the selection of ingredients. Always select canned and dried food first. Cans should be intact (e. g. no bulging, leaking or dentations) upon purchase, in addition, one should always be mindful of the expiration date of the product. Dry goods (e. g spices) should be kept in air-tight containers to keep the flavor and aroma. After buiyng canned and dried goods, next purchase should be made for vegetables and herbs. In buying vegetables, make sure that they are fresh, vividly green and without any yellow patches. They should be packed according to same kinds. And finally, the last that should be bought are perishable foods like meat, fish and poultry. These goods should be kept refrigerated to ensure the freshness. Any purchase that is felt warm to touch or packed in a leaking package should be discarded. Once at home, preparation of the meal starts by proper handling. The main purpose of this is to prevent possible food poisoning that may result from growth of bacteria. Therefore, always keep the food in the refrigerator, keep everything clean and avoid soiling readily prepared ingredients with other ingredients like fish or meat. Marinating serves the purpose of tenderizing meat so it cooks faster and becomes juicier. The basic elements of a marinade includes mixture of vinegar and/or lemon juice, finely chopped onion, herbs and spices. Additional elements are added according to what is marinated – example, yogurt or wine for poultry; olive oil for fish and soy sauce for meat. Spices such as dried parts of aromatic plants, except the leaves, can be as hot as dried hot chilies, black or white pepper or ginger, they can also be as mild as dry coriander. Fresh herbs like basil, mint, parsley and spices are served to change basic foods into flavored ones. The best marinating methods is to put the marinade and the ingredient in a nylon bag, mix well then squeeze to get the air out, tightly seal and put in the refrigerator for 2-4 hours. A good delicious meal does not necessarily mean that it should be unhealthy. A report released by the American Heart Association, the American Cancer Society, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Institutes of Health; stated five rules for a healthy diet namely: (1) a variety of food, mostly of plant origin should be included; (2) a meal must include starch in the form of bread, rice, pasta or cereals; (3) a meal should have low fat content (30% of the total calories needed); (4) intake of sugars should be kept to a minimum and (5) women are particularly encouraged to consume low fat dairy products to combat osteoporosis (Tanne, 1999). Cooking methods may vary, they can include baking, boiling, grilling, roasting and steaming. Choosing a particular method depends on the flavors and nutrients one wants to keep without adding or consuming extra amounts of fat. Baking is used for cooking bread, potato and sweet potato in addition to poultry and fish. Baked food is better than fried because fried food usually contributes to cholesterol build up in the heart. Foods suitable for boiling may include vegetables, meat, stocks, fish, soups, eggs, and flour based food such as pasta. Boiling is safe and simple, plus it is more appropriate for large amounts of ingredients to be cooked. Boiling can also tenderize older and tougher cuts of meat, making it more digestible. Boiling meat produces flavorful stock suitable for sauces and soups while boiling vegetables retain nutrients as long as boiling time is minimum. Steaming is more applicable to health conscious individuals because this method of cooking only requires steam. Steaming primarily lessens the fat content of food because it does not require cooking oil. Fewer nutrients are also taken away from food since it does not directly require in the process. Steaming starts by boiling water in a steamer and letting it evaporate in to steam, the heat from the evaporated water then circulates within the steamer thereby cooking the food. Grilling is also as versatile as baking and boiling since numerous food products can also be cooked this way. Grilling is the easiest way of cooking since it involves high temperatures of heat from coal, gas, wood and /or infrared and food simply placed over the source of heat. Commonly grilled foods include meat, fish, chicken, pork chops, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, corn, shrimp, squid, and sausages. Cooking meat at high temperatures, however, contribute to the formation of heterocyclic amines which can cause cancer (Sugimura, Wkabayashi, Nakagama & Nagao, 290). Roasting meanwhile is done in open flames, ovens or other heat sources to cook food. Roasting usually enhances flavors of food through through caramelization of sugar in the surface. Food to be roasted is placed on a rack, roasting pan, or in a rotisserie for even exposure to heat. Hot air circulates around the meat cooking all sides equally. Roasting differs from grilling in terms of meat since grilled meat is spiced by wet ingredients through the process of marinating. The concluding step of preparing a good meal is in the food presentation. It does not only cover garnishing and preparing the plate, but it should satisfy the five senses of the guest. The sense of sight can be complemented by garnishing the plate, the table cloth, and possibly the table itself, in the form of flowers and/or candles. Accompanying easy listening music should sooth the sense of hearing. Touch can be complmented by the utensils. Smelling the aroma of the food stimulates the guest's appetite and tasting the meal and the served beverage is the most important of all since it will measure the guest's ultimate satisfaction. The most important single item is garnishing the plate and it should start by the ingredients of the meal itself with regards to color texture of sauces and fresh green or colored vegetables added at the end. In addition, the rim or edge of the plate can be decorated by using a pate of red, yellow and green pepper or use cut pieces of vegetables (carrot, potato, or green beans) that geometrically match the main dish in the plate. Always keep in mind that the additions should add color, flavor and preferably nutritious value to the meal. To apply the principles described I shall describe how to make a good vegetable stuffed fish fillet meal. Selection: A good fish fillet is characterized by being moist, firm and elastic. It should have a fresh mild odor (fish odor comes with time). It should have fresh non colored or dry cut edges. Choose fish fillet of approximately 1 inch thickness. It can be of white fish (tilapia) or otherwise. Preparation: If fish fillet is bought frozen, it should be allowed to thaw gradually. Avoid thawing in room temperature. One can immerse the package into cold water for an hour as an alternative for quicker thawing. After proper cleaning of the fillet, it is to be marinated. The marinade is composed of 3 table spoons (tbsp) of fresh orange juice, 2 tbsp of fresh lemon juice, 2 tbsp of olive oil, 1 clove garlic (finely chopped) and salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste. Immerse the fish fillet into the marinade, put in a nylon bag, get the air out, firmly seal and put in the fridge for 2-4 hours. The stuffing is composed of 1 root of carrot, 1 head of radish, 4 spring onions, Italian parsley, green coriander and few leaves of fresh mint. All are very finely chopped. Salt and freshly ground black pepper is added. Cooking: Spread a piece of fish filet, put some of the stuffing 1 inch away from the end. Roll the fish fillet to include the stuffing. If it rests with difficulty, one can â€Å"pin† it with a sharp toothpick. Repeat the procedure for other fish fillet pieces. Put all in a non-stick tray brushed with olive oil. Bake in a preheated oven at 420-450 F for 10-12 minutes, half the time for each side. Baking fish fillet takes 10 minutes per inch, so cooking time is related to the thickness of the piece of fillet. Serving: A cooked stuffed fish fillet can be served on top of finely chopped radish leaves and topped with a 1-2 tbsp mixture of fresh lemon juice, olive oil (extra-virgin), finely grated lemon zest and few tightly packed fresh Italian parsley leaves and chopped rosemary leaves and cut small pieces of red pepper. The dish can be served with steamed carrots and long green beans or baked potatoes or cooked long grain rice. The meal is served with white wine and is to be presented hot.

Computers Science

Remaining Karen A Study of Cultural Reproduction and the Maintenance of Identity Book Review - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 977 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? The Karen represent the largest ethnic minority in Thailand second to the Chinese. The major groups who are represented speak Sgaw and the Pwo based on dialectal differences. The Karen identity has been seemingly resistant to change primarily because of the identity that is formed surrounding their indigenous religious practices. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Remaining Karen: A Study of Cultural Reproduction and the Maintenance of Identity Book Review" essay for you Create order The Palokhi Karen practices are unrelated to any Buddhist or Christian views but have adopted some techniques that remain consistent throughout the community. Anada Rajahs study of the Karen focused on the continuity of its, cultural identity in the context of a predominantly Northern Thai socio-economic environment and a slowly growing presence of the administrative apparatus of the larger polity of Thailand. (Rajah p. 1). The problem with any ethnic minority throughout the world is the threat of modernity and globalization that exists to alter the status of a group. A majority of Karen identity relies within their religious rituals and beliefs but there is a very condensed version that has been observed. A central problem with this is the question of religious conversion and whether anything may be said about the sociological relationship between, if not an identifiable then, at least, a posited Karen religion and Karen identity. (Rajah p. 6). Religion is often intertwined in cultural change as a piece of the conversion of ethnic identity in the context of changing intergroup relations. A concern with the issue is the relationship between religious, cultural and ethnic change. (Rajah p. 7). The importance of identity is constructed within the difference between an ethnic identity and a cultural identity of a particular group. Rajah promotes in his book the question of how the Palokhi Karen maintain their cultural and ethnic identity with the increasing exposure and forceful shift of modernization. While religion is a primary source of identity for any ethnic group, the inclusion of economic and/or agricultural systems is just as important. For the Palokhi Karen lived in a swidden agriculture based system. They were not entirely self sufficient of the crop and grew tea to sell in order to gain cash to purchase rice. The rituals affiliated with swidden cultivation construct the foundation of the community, together with other aspects of the religion of the Palokhi Karen, which form the key elements in the construction of a social and cultural order that is unequivocally Karen. (Rajah p. 16). Without the lifestyle of swidden agriculture, the beliefs of the indigenous Karen religion would be incomprehensible. The concept and tasks of the agricultural cultivation are synonymous in some aspects with their religious rituals. Environment plays a key role within their religious system as the main protective spirit of the domain, Thi Koeca or Kau Koeca, can be translated as Lord of the Water and Lord of the Land. The headman of the Karen community is responsible for maintaining a healthy relationship with the Lord of the Land and Lord of the Water. When it is felt that the relationship is not sustained it can lead to the dissolution of the community. (Rajah p. 40). The headman acts as the mediator between the community and the Lord of the Land and the Lord of the Water. The Palokhi Karen exist on patrilineal principles that are connected with the fact that older male figures own land that is used for their agriculture practices. The male figures who control the agriculture hold the power within the households and, in turn, the community. The succession of the headman of the Palokhi exists within patrilineal lines as the idea of the continuity of ritual relationships. This explains that practices of ritual significance or religious importance is the association between the headman, the community and the protective spirit of the domain as interchangeable. The general characteristics of ritual performances and religious beliefs are in Palokhi rather than the succession to headmanship and participation in the Head Rite. (Rajah p. 44). Regarding generational terms, continuity is an important aspect of the religious conceptions of the Palokhi Karen. The implication of this is that succession or continuity is conceived of as a process of affiliation, or association, through successive steps of biological reproduction rather than strict genealogical lineality. (Rajah p. 45). The Head Rite is an annual ritualistic ceremony that combines three main aspects: offerings of food and rice liquor, interdependency, and semantic parallelism through oral interpretation. (Rajah p. 46). Through the Lord of the Land and Lord of Water the Head Rite is obtained to project harmony and success for agricultural culmination that the community relies on. Within the Head Rite and general beliefs there needs to be a cool state that will be essential for the successful cultivation of crops and the well-being of the community. To insure prosperous conditions to be prevalent, the Palokhi Karen believe that the Lord of the Water, Lord of the Land, and the land itself must be cool. The successful growth of the rice crop also depends on the production of a cool state. In correlation to this, harmonious predicaments in marriages are thought to guaranteed by cooling the bride and groom as an important part of marriage ceremonies. (Rajah p. 49). The Palokhi Karen believe that crooked marriages invite unwanted interference from the Lord of the Water, and Lord of the Land. The assumption is that where crooked marriages exist, the natural order of things is disrupted. The Palokhi Karen explicitly stress the saying that the village becomes hot, the land becomes hot resulting in the destruction of the rice crop. (Rajah p. 78). There is a distinctive theoretical connection between marriage and the cultivation of crops. Interestingly enough the consequences fall on the community as a whole rather than the couple in question. Both words heat and cool are essential words in the Palokhi Karen religion. In similar aspects to yin and yang the concepts of heat and cool need to be balanced in an equal manner to maintain tranquility of life. (Rajah p. 85).