Perception And Perception Of Color - 1360 Words

Perception of Color What if I told you that my red was different from your red? The first thing you might wonder is how I could possibly know this or you may even want to see evidence to support my claim. However, experts have shown several different ways to convey that we do, in fact, perceive colors differently. Few things have been proven in distinguishing perception, but there are copious amounts of evidence suggesting that we perceive color differently because of our brains, past experiences, and our genetics. Perception is the state of being or process of becoming aware of something through the senses. In addition to the five senses, perception also includes proprioception, which allows people to detect the position of one’s body.†¦show more content†¦The brain starts to determine a color once the signal reaches the retina. The signal is then analyzed by nerve cells and compared by neighboring cones and they calculate whether the light is more blue-yellow or red-green. After that, the colors are divided into several pathways in the brain where they are processed and identified. Recent evidence has come to show that the processing systems in our brains are also perceptual systems, and that color is processed before motion. This means that you are able to identify the color of a movement, before the movement itself (webexhibits.org). For visual processing to grow and develop, you need to have several visual experiences during critical periods after birth. This makes it exce ptionally difficult for people who are born blind who later have their vision restored to perform basic functions. In an experiment that was conducted with monkeys, it was suggested that color perceptions comes from some of the experiences we’ve had in the world. The scientists who conducted the experiment found male squirrel monkeys to be the best independent variable because they have a form of red-green color blindness, which is the most common form of color blindness in humans. â€Å"The blindness primarily afflicts males because the genes encoding red and green receptors are located on the X-chromosome, of which men only have one. Women have two X-chromosomes, and a normal gene can oftenShow MoreRelatedColor And The Perception Of Color1371 Words   |  6 Pages Color and the Perception of Color Cynthia Xu Stoller Middle School Perception. The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through one of the five senses (Kandel, Schwartz, Jessell, 2000). In other words, it is the process of interpreting and organizing sensory information. Perception must be understood according to figure-ground, similarity, proximity, continuity, and other organizing principles. At work in the interpretation of sensory stimuli are other perceptualRead MoreShort-term Memory Affects Color Perception in Context Essay examples668 Words   |  3 PagesShort-term Memory Affects Color Perception in Context The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of short-term memory on perceptual observations, determine whether there is actually an independence between color memory and surface color assessment, and to discuss the differences between perception and memory characteristics. Another goal of this study was to estimate surface reflectance of an object from a general measurement of incoming light signals and figure out how it affects memoryRead MoreThe Miracle Worker When pondering on life as not only a blind child but also a deaf child, one700 Words   |  3 Pagessay perception of the world and life is impossible. In the movie The Miracle Worker, Helen Keller was blind, deaf and mute since she had been a baby. Helen was incapable of communicating to anyone. The question, â€Å"do you think she had an accurate idea of color,† to me, is defined through her inability to know the difference between colors and physical appearance on objects certain colors, for instance the sun being yellow. Because Helen was blind and deaf, she could not actually see the color pinkRead MoreDo Humans Perceive And Categorize The World?1715 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, the evidence will also show that perception tends to be universal, while classification tends to be largely influenced by culture. There is also evidence that suggests certain aspects of perception may only be explained by culture, while certain aspects of classification are universal. This w ill all be addressed below. I will argue that humans are able to perceive things rather similarly. There were many examples used in class to examine perception across cultures. One of which was done byRead MoreGestalt Psychology Reflection Essay624 Words   |  3 Pagescreated not from association, but through the perception of those experiences (Schultz amp; Schultz, 2011). There is a certain level of individuality in this statement, as individual perception is not something that can be simply classified in a way that was satisfactory to a more scientific model. For me, seeing the color green immediately leads me to reflect upon my grandmother and my great deal of pleasant experiences and memories. My perception of the color green, therefore, is wholly distinct fromRead MoreSynesthesia1331 Words   |  6 Pagessensory inputs. Synesthesia comes from two Greek words, syn, which means together, and aesthesis, which means perception. Therefore synesthesia literally means, Joined perception. Synesthesia is an involuntary joining in which the real information of one sense is accompanied by a perception in another sense.(web.mit.edu) In addition to being involuntary, this additional perception is regarded by the synesthete as real, often outside the body, instead of imagined in the minds eye. It also hasRead MorePerception And Perception Of Perception1154 Words   |  5 PagesTo know how perception interacts with the brain to create reality we first have to better understand perception. Perception is the active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses. Perception is an important part of creating reality because, your reality is determined by your memories, beliefs, culture, life experiences, as well as your senses and perception. Although sensation a nd perception work together to help create our reality theyRead MoreThe Color Red : Red Equals Sex ( Park 1 )1052 Words   |  5 Pagesthing that comes to your mind when you think of the color red? Sex? Most answers may be no, especially those of the younger crowd, but what about the older crowd? In this psychological experiment, the color red is taken into different measures and researchers begin to find different meanings behind the color red. Although, what is so special about the color red, or any other colors? Psychologists and researchers have found over time that colors and the way we interpret them have an extreme effectRead MorePerceptual Mapping1532 Words   |  7 Pagesbrand development, according to Dawn Iacobucci, editor of Kellogg on Marketing. A product or service â€Å"brand† might have three types of associations: attributes, people, and occasions. â€Å"Attributes are physical characteristics of a product such as its color, size, and flavor. People and occasions together are regarded as image.† Most brand positioning involves a combination of attributes and image. Perhaps, consumers typically do not make decisions on the basis of attributes or image alone. RatherRead MoreSpace s Perception Of Space1557 Words   |  7 Pagesthe sensation of the color of an apple and coordinates that color to the apple and the space that the apple occupies, in order for the apple to be red. The color red corresponds to the apple while the color of the table it is resting on coordinates to the table, keeping to two distinct positions in space. In order for an individual to relate an object as outside of them, they must assign them to a place. If this is the case, then space is a necessary base to one’s perception of an object. So one

Resource and Competitive Position Analysis Free Essays

The restaurant industry is a competitive industry. From low cost meals to specialty food items, restaurants have become save. â€Å"y’ in their efforts to attract customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Resource and Competitive Position Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pander Bread has developed a strategy to attract customers that are looking for a change from fast food. Consumers are looking for new ideas for meals. They are looking for quality foods over cheap fast food. Pander has been able to attract and draw customers away from the fast food market with their unique food ideas by drawing upon the many strengths of the company. The company has been hindered y the weaknesses in its strategy and now needs to develop ideas to turn those weaknesses into opportunities to increase customers and revenue. A SOOT analysis of the company will highlight areas where the company is performing well and areas that need improved. Strengths Quality ingredients – Pander offers the highest quality of products to its customers. From fresh vegetables to gluten free items. The company offers a menu to suit a variety of customers. Niche Market – Pancreas menu items have evolved to meet the taste and demands of customers. Brand – The company has a strong and distinctive rand Reward card – This allows Pander to build a relationship with customers. Customers are rewarded with free food items for being loyal customers. Weakness Pricing – While Pander offers higher quality foods, many people are turned off by the high cost of the food. Pancreas food is priced considerable higher than that of their competitors. Many of the fast-food chains offer and entire meal for less than the cost of a sandwich at Pander Brand name – The Company is not as well-known as some of its competitors and often gets overlooked. Menu Selection – Pancreas menu is limited o soups, salad, sandwiches and bread. Customers wanting more variety will look for other food ideas. Market share – The company is a national brand sold exclusively in the United States Opportunities Expansion – The Company can expand business to the international market. This opens the company up to a new market with similar taste. This allows the company to increase market share and revenue. Catering – Pander offers catering services which is a feature that many fast food companies do not offer. Catering services allows the company to increase revenue and introduces menu items to a new range of customers. Trends – Consumer taste can change and evolve over time. This gives Pander the opportunity to adjust and adapt its menu to meet those needs. Threats Chipolata – Chipolata has a similar strategy to that of Pander. It offers fresh ingredients and healthier food items that consumers are seeking. Chipolata stores have cropped up across the country and offer consumers quality meal over standard fast food items. Struck – Struck has been a leader in the coffee business for years. They have a larger beverage menu than that offered by Chipolata. Coffee drinkers prefer the various options offered by Struck to the limited drink menu of Pander. McDonald’s – McDonald’s competes with Pander on a different level. They offer customers cheap and quick food selections. They have introduced healthier food items to their menu to meet the needs of more health conscious individuals. Pander has distinctive competencies that set is apart from competitors. Its artisan breads are made fresh daily and gives customers a variety of options to choose from. Customers frequent the restaurant exclusively to purchase the breads. For Pander to continue to grow, the company needs to look at making an entrance into the global markets. Pander has achieved a great deal of success domestically, but has not managed to penetrate international markets. Pander needs to conduct research on trends in foreign countries and develop products to fit the needs of those consumers. Once research has been completed, market testing needs to occur to see how consumers respond to the menu items. Next, the company needs to stay abreast of current trends in the market and make adjustments to its menu items. Consumer taste changes often and companies that onto adapt to change will not be successful. Additionally, the company needs to look at ways to drive up traffic during evening hours. Pander has been very success with the lunch crowd, but traffic drops off after that. Pander needs on incorporate menu items that will attract people out for dinner or that will be appeasing to families with children. Pander has enjoyed great success over the years. Customers are pleased with the variety of items offered by the restaurant. Pander has been very successful with the fast-casual market, quality dishes and the esthetics look of the stores. Pancreas strength lies in attracting and retaining customers and evidenced by the company’s increased revenue. Pander is a leader in the market and set the standard for which many companies are imitating. How to cite Resource and Competitive Position Analysis, Papers

Reforms in Education in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Reforms in Education in Australia. Answer: Introduction The report analyses an article stating the policies and reforms undertaken by Australian government to improve educational system in Australia in 2014-15 budget. As per 2012 data of OECD, overall performance of Australia among OECD countries are good, although this country lacks behind due to poor performance in mathematics and science (Oecd.org 2015). Academic performance among the rural or aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderpopulation is not satisfactory. In order to mitigate several challenges in the education system, reform was inevitable in this country. The article highlights proposed reforms in 2014-15 budget of Australia. The aim of the reform is to promote higher secondary and tertiary education among students and to bring quality in the education system. EconomicAnalysis Proposed reform highlighted in this article is about deregulation the provision of places in higher secondary. With increase in population, demand for education is increasing as education is a process of human capital formation. Government has decided to deregulate this market to increase competition and quality of this sector. Demand driven model has been undertaken to determine level of educational attainment and user pay (Aph.gov.au 2014). This initiative reduces government contribution in this sector and allows private organisation in the higher education sector. The objective of reduction in government support is to remove limit of borrowing for higher education. Without ant limit, student can pursue any desirable level of education at any cost both in domestic and foreign institutions. However, there is another implication. Being a demand driven model, student tuition fees are likely to rise in higher education. As the private educational institutions are allowed to operate in the market, they are likely to invest more to improve quality of education (Bowen and Sosa 2014). Figure 1: Demand driven model (Source: created by author) Initial fees at each level of education are determined by market demand and supply in a free market. As demand for education rises among the students to get more job opportunity in Australian market, tuition fees are likely to rise as shown in figure 1. In the demand driven model, supply is determined by the change in demand. In figure 1, as demand shifts from D1 to D2 for a given level of supply, places in the institutions to enrol students increases with the increase in tuition fees. The students who are willing to achieve higher education are ready to pay higher fees as there is greater access of credit for education. However, as argued by Psacharopoulos (2014), hike in tuition fees discourages some students to avail higher and tertiary education. Chances of availing higher education among the low socio economic background student might decrease. However, with the increase in fees, the infrastructure is likely to improve to enhance quality of higher secondary and tertiary educatio n. Therefore, proper infrastructure, innovation in teaching method can enhance interest in mathematics and science, which further can help to increase productivity and innovation in different sectors of the economy (Dahal and Nguyen 2014). Therefore, although removing government support may increase tuition fees, level of enrolment in tertiary and higher education is expected to increase. The reform can be viewed from market perspective. Reduction in government subsidy allows private institutions in the market by greater number. Therefore, greater participation of the private player in the market increases efficiency to make the market competitive (Steiner-Khamsi 2016). Competition in the market keeps the fees of students during admission at competitive level. Private institutions charge fees as their own. Increase in number of institutions may keep fees at the competitive level. Figure 2: Comparison of price between monopoly and competitive market (Source: created by author) As shown in figure 2, when private firm has market power, it can charge higher price at a lesser quantity. Pm is the monopoly price and Pc is the competitive price. However, competitive price provides greater quantity to the consumers at a lower price. Therefore, fees for admission and other tuition fees may be at a competitive level in order to draw more students in the private institutions. Recommendation Although allowing private institution in a free market at greater number increases efficiency in the education system there is a chance of exploitation. Private firms can make collusion among them to change a uniform price to increase profit. Private firms desperately can increase tuition fees, which may decrease rate of enrolment of students in domestic institution. Moreover, higher fees excludes low-income group to avail higher education. Hence, government intervention in education system is required to restrict monopoly power of the private organisations. Government may impose a price ceiling to restrict significantly higher fees. No firms are allowed to raise fees above the price ceiling. Upper cap of fees can be set above equilibrium market fees. Moreover, the fees can be set at the international level to make the Australian educational system competitive at the international level. Education fees and quality at global level helps to attract foreign student in the market and the foreign talent. Conclusion The report focuses on the educational system reform in Australian economy. This paper focuses on the reform proposed in the 2014-15 budget by Australian government. The reform policy states highlights to remove government cap on availing finance for higher education and government support. It proposes to allow private organisations in student enrolment in higher education. The report discusses both positive and negative side of this policy. On one hand, increase in private institutions increases scope of enrolment of students in higher education and can keep student fees at a competitive level. However, higher fees may restrict low-income group to attain higher level of education. It has been recommended therefore, that setting an upper cap for fees or keeping fees at the international level can make education system globally competitive. References Aph.gov.au. 2014.Reform of the higher education demand driven system (revised) Parliament of Australia. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/about_parliament/parliamentary_departments/parliamentary_library/pubs/rp/budgetreview201415/higheredu#_ftn1 [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Bowen, W.G. and Sosa, J.A., 2014.Prospects for faculty in the arts and sciences: A study of factors affecting demand and supply, 1987 to 2012. Princeton University Press. Dahal, M. and Nguyen, Q., 2014. Private non-state sector engagement in the provision of educational services at the primary and secondary levels in South Asia: an analytical review of its role in school enrollment and student achievement. Oecd.org. 2015.Education Policy Outlook Snapshot: Australia - OECD. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/australia/highlightsaustralia.htm [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Psacharopoulos, G. ed., 2014.Economics of education: Research and studies. Elsevier. Steiner-Khamsi, G., 2016. Standards are good (for) business: standardised comparison and the private sector in education.Globalisation, Societies and Education,14(2), pp.161-182.

Water Pollution with Sollution Essay Example

Water Pollution with Sollution Paper When toxic substances enter lakes, streams, rivers, oceans, and other water bodies, This results in the pollution of water Water pollution has many sources. The most polluting of them are the city sewage and industrial waste discharged into the rivers. Agricultural run-off, or the water from the fields that drains into rivers, is another major water pollutant as it contains fertilizers and pesticides. Domestic sewage waste water that is discarded from households called sanitary sewage, such water is impure The main organic materials are food and vegetable waste, plant nutrient come from chemical soaps, washing powders, etc. Domestic sewage is also very likely to contain disease-causing microbes. Thus, disposal of domestic waste water is a significant technical problem. Today, many people dump their garbage into streams, lakes, rivers, and seas, Today cleaning products are synthetic detergents and come from the petrochemical industry. Most detergents and washing powders contain phosphates, which are used to soften the water among other things. These and other chemicals contained in washing powders affect the health of all forms of life in the water. Agricultural Run off The high nitrate content in groundwater is mainly from irrigation run-off from agricultural fields where chemical fertilizers have been used indiscriminately. Industrial effluents During the last fifty years, the number of industries in India has grown rapidly. Waste water from manufacturing or chemical processes in industries contributes to water pollution. Most major industries have treatment facilities for industrial effluents. But this is not the case with small-scale industries, which cannot afford enormous investments in pollution control equipment as their profit margin is very slender. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution with Sollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution with Sollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution with Sollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Effects of water pollution The effects of water pollution are not only devastating to people but also to animals, fish, and birds. Polluted water is unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture, and industry. It diminishes the aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers. Nobody can escape the effects of water pollution. The individual and the community can help minimize water pollution. By simple housekeeping management practices the amount of waste generated can be minimized. Solution on water pollution The need for water pollution solutions that work is growing intensely. Despite laws that are designed to protect our water from pollutants and contaminants, water pollution continues to be a very large part of our planets peril. There are many laws in place to help protect the waters from pollution. However, enforcement of these laws is very slim. Since the Ocean is a vast territory, many vessels are still discharging and dumping directly into our oceans and poisoning them With contaminants. Environmental police have taken charge of enforcing water pollution solutions. They have targeted everyone from delivery vehicles to the largest and wealthiest companies in the city. If more cities would follow suit, we would be well on our way to protecting our planet from intolerable water supplies. Solutions To Water Pollution Ð’Â ± What You Can DO Outside of enforcing the current laws and creating even tougher regulations to prevent the continued pollution of water, there are dedicated and relatively simple objectives that everyone can participate in so that we can provide water pollution solutions to the average citizen. Simple steps like driving hybrid cars and using home water coolers can reduce water pollution. Littering in any form can also create additional pollution. Conserving clean water supplies can be beneficial in many ways, including preventing the need for use of tainted water supplies For instance, if everyone supported clean agriculture here would no longer be a market for agriculture that is responsible for poisonous runoff and ground water pollution . Acculturative is easier than ever to recognize because of the new standards for organic labeling. Organic foods mean that there were no pesticides or other harmful contaminants used in outgrowing of the food. When a food product is labeled organic, federal law requires that it meets criteria for being 75% organic or better. When a food product is labeled 100% organic it meets the criteria for being 99% organic or better. 100% organic foods include the soil in which the product was grown as ell as the process of which the product was packaged, shipped, and distributed. But supporting organizations you are supporting water pollution solutions through clean agriculture. The preservation of natural wetlands provides a relatively simple water pollution solution. Wetlands serve as natures filter and create a natural buffering zone between the water and Thailand. The vast amount of various plant life, naturally occurring bacteria and algae, indiscrimination help to filter destructive pollutants. Wetlands can be easily preserved through replanting efforts. Planting appropriate foliage channel a wetland survive. While some wetlands have been filled and developed, wetlands tend tomato rather poor environments to build upon. Types of water pollution Despite the many types of water pollution many people still see this as a single source issue,usually blaming big business for the depletion of many natural bodies of water and the life within. Whew big business is partially to blame, homeowners, recreational and professional boaters, Andean farmers can contribute to the condition of the planets water. Something as simple as flicking a cigarette butt out the window, which is often carried away bistros drains that may eventually empty out into bays, rivers, or oceans, leads to rather basic buttonholing pollutants in the waters of the world. We can all contribute to cleaning up the planetary we all realize that we have a shared culpability in its health. Various types of water pollution point to the different sources that can cause pollutants taffeta the waterways. Act of water pollution Separating water pollution facts from water pollution myths is a bit like separating oxymoron hydrogen With tweezers. The facts about water pollution have gotten rather mixed up in between hype, hope, skilled lattice spin, and a host of other issues that have been deemed bathe notorious they as more important. Yet it is important to educate o neself when it comes to the water pollution issues that are facing just the country, but the whole world. Marine ecosystems are more than just interesting places to water ski. They are the lifes blood of the planet. Without marine ecosystems there would be no planet, and no life. That is why preserving our water is so vital to ensuring that the planet has a brighter tomorrow. First of all, it is important to recognize that not all of the pollutants hat end up in the water commerce water based activities. In fact, an interesting water pollution fact reveals that only 20% of the pollutants in oceans, rivers, bays, streams, lakes, and other bodies of water come firewater based activities The remaining 8 0% is derived from land based activities . This means that it is not just transportability of the beach goers to clean up the ocean. We are all responsible for doing what weaken to protect and preserve the planets water supplies. Another interesting albeit not surprising water pollution fact reveals that claiming a chunk of that% of pollution due o water based activities is caused by cruise ships . A one week cruise on cruise ships yields more than a million gallons of grey water. Grey water refers to waste water that has been tainted by soaps, detergents, and other sources of negative environmental impact but does not include human waste. These soaps and detergents grey water can literally poison the ecosystem and pollute the water which in turn salvageable wildlife. These floating cities are also responsible for producing over 200,000 gallons of raw sewage,much of which is dumped during ocean transit. The liege water, which is loaded with oils, disulfide, and other pollutants can account for at least 35,000 gallons of weekly contamination. Most of us feel we have no control over how a cruise ship operates and many have never even been on one-So lets move some of our water pollution facts closer to home. Tittering jeopardizes marlinespike, which interrupts the balance of the ecosystem. Annually, plastic litter is responsible for the deaths of more than 1 00,000 marine mammals like porpoises and sea otters. This same plastic pollution is responsible for the deaths of at least a million sea birds underflow like pelicans and gulls. There is no way to accurately tally the number of fish deathwatches by plastic pollution b ut the estimates are up near three or four million on an annual basis. Littering and a failure to recycle plastics, even if you dont live near the coastline, have some pretty dramatic consequences. Punctiliousness pollution is generally a single element caused by one main source. An industrially into a river would be an example of punctiliousness pollution. Alternatively, unpretentiousness pollution is the result of numerous causes of contaminants Thatcher pollution. These pollutants can travel great distances in the form of runoff or thoroughwort rains. Surface water pollution is the most recognizable form of water contamination. This is the pollution that can be visibly seen floating on the top of the water. While surface water pollutions often in the form of trash it can also be chemically based, such as gasoline or oil slicks floating the waters surface. Groundwater pollution refers to the effects of chemicals (such as pesticides) that seep throughout ground and enter water sources that originate underground. Well water is groundwater, outgeneraled pollution can be extremely dangerous to the health Of humans as well as to athlete of the planet. Same types Of water pollution are derived from an imbalance within the ecosystem which can be caused by natural and unnatural sources. When an ecosystem is out of balance, oxygenations can occur. A water based ecosystem is made up a multitude of living organisms,including microorganisms natural balance of leather and unhealthy microorganisms keeps the water vasectomys thriving. When that ecosystem is thrown off balance, the leather microorganisms outnumbered by the unhealthy microorganisms, which cause a depletion of oxygen within water and releases gases such as sulfides or ammonia. With a wide variety of types of water pollution, a single action will not be enough to ward Off more pollutants. Prevention starts with awareness and continues with a dedicated effort to monotony prevent further contamination but also clean up the present pollutants. Everyone from the bosses of large production companies to the cigarette butt flicker has to toothier share in order to prevent water pollution. As research becomes more accurate and the data can help indicate which types of water evolutionary doing the most destruction to our natural resources, focused projects and laws can become a bigger part of the solution.

Cocaine Bashing essays

Cocaine Bashing essays The world will always have illegal drug problems until new strategies are developed is this true. And what are some of the problems and solutions. Illegal drugs will always be a problem in the world. Illegal drugs cause people to steal from people or houses so they can pay for their drugs. Maybe even kill for money. On top of this addicts get in trouble with the law. It causes terrible problems for your health and body and you end up getting addicted to it. I think it is true that if the world will always have illegal drug problems until strategies are developed. I think some solutions could be to have injection rooms and if you are addicted you should obtain a license and obtain the drugs for free instead of getting it from dealers. Illegal drugs are found all over the world and it will be like that unless something is done. Drugs cause people of all ages young and all to steal, they steal because they need money to pay for the drugs. They dont want to do but they have to because they are addicted. Theyre stealing gets them into trouble with the law. One for stealing and two for possession of illegal. I think some solutions for people who are addicted and need to steal are they could go to special injection rooms were they are given drugs which are then reduced slowly until the person is rid of the addiction. Like in the U.K. and Sweden they do this but in places like America they just have illegal drug dealers. Also they could invent a patch like they did for cigarettes accept for different types of drugs. The people who sell are even worse they find pour people on the streets to sell it for them. If they dont pay up in the end they would often get killed or to torture them they would kill their family. The dealers mostly would always or make the drugs themselves, which is causing all the problems in the first place. The worst thing about doing drugs is what it does t ...

Maple Sap Collection and Syrup Production

Maple Sap Collection and Syrup Production Maple syrup is a natural forest food product and, for the most part, only produced in temperate North American woodlands. More specifically, the sugary sap is mostly collected from the sugar maple (Acer saccharum) which grows naturally in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Other maple species that can be tapped are red and Norway maple. Red maple sap tends to yield less sugar and early budding causes off flavors so its seldom used in commercial syrup operations. The basic process of sugar maple syrup production is fairly simple and has not dramatically changed over time. The tree is still tapped by boring using a hand brace and drill bit and plugged with a spout, called a spile. The sap flows into covered, tree-mounted containers or through a system of plastic tubing and is collected for processing. Converting maple sap into syrup requires removing water from the sap which concentrates the sugar into a syrup. The raw sap is boiled in pans or continuous feed evaporators where the liquid is reduced to a finished syrup of 66 to 67 percent sugar. It takes an average of 40 gallons of sap to produce one gallon of finished syrup. The Maple Sap Flow Process As do most trees in temperate climates, maple trees enter dormancy during winter and store food in the form of starches and sugar. As day temps start to rise in late winter, stored sugars move up the trunk to prepare for feeding the tree growth and budding process. Cold nights and warm days increase the flow of sap and this starts what is called the sap season. During warm periods when temperatures rise above freezing, pressure develops in the tree. This pressure causes the sap to flow out of the tree through a wound or tap hole. During cooler periods when temperatures fall below freezing, suction develops, drawing water into the tree. This replenishes the sap in the tree, allowing it to flow again during the next warm period. Forest Management for Maple Sap Production Unlike managing a forest for timber production, sugarbush (term for a stand of sap trees) management does not depend on maximum annual growth or growing straight defect-free timber at an optimum stocking level of trees per acre. Managing trees for maple sap production is focused on annual syrup yield on a site where optimal sap collection is supported by easy access, adequate numbers of sap-producing trees, and forgiving terrain. A sugarbush should be managed for quality sap producing trees and less attention is paid to tree form. Trees with crooks or moderate forking are of little concern if they produce a quality sap in adequate quantities. Terrain is important and has a major influence on sap flow. Southern facing slopes are warmer which encourages early sap production with longer daily flows. Adequate accessibility to a sugarbush decreases labor and transport costs and will enhance a syrup operation. Many tree owners have opted not to tap their trees in favor of selling sap or leasing their trees to syrup producers. There must be sufficient numbers of sap producing maples available with desirable access to each tree. We recommend you check with a regional sap producers association for buyers or renters and develop an appropriate contract. The Optimal Sugarbush Tree and Stand Size The best spacing for a commercial operation is about one tree in an area measuring 30 feet x 30 feet  or 50 to 60 mature trees per acre. A maple grower can start at a higher tree density but will need to thin the sugarbush to achieve a final density of 50-60 trees per acre. Trees 18 inches in diameter (DBH) or larger should be managed at 20 to 40 trees per acre. It is very important to remember that trees under 10 inches in diameter should not be tapped due to serious and permanent damage. Trees over this size should be tapped according to its diameter: 10 to 18 inches - one tap per tree, 20 to 24 inches - two taps per tree, 26 to 30 inches - three taps per tree. On average, one tap will yield 9 gallons of sap per season. A well-managed acre might have between 70 and 90 taps 600 to 800 gallons of sap 20 gallons of syrup. The Making of a Good Sugar Tree A good maple sugar tree usually has a large crown with significant leaf surface area. The greater the crowns leaf surface of a sugar maple, the greater is the sap flow along with increased sugar content. Trees with ​crowns more than 30 feet wide produce sap in optimum quantities and grow larger faster for increased tapping. A desirable sugar tree has a higher sugar content in the sap than others; they are typically sugar maples or black maples. It is very important to have good sugar producing maples, as an increase of 1 percent in sap sugar reduces processing costs up to 50%. The average New England sap sugar content for commercial operations is 2.5%. For an individual tree, the volume of sap produced during one season varies from 10 to 20 gallons per tap. This amount depends on a specific tree, weather conditions, sap season length, and collection efficiency. A single tree can have one, two, or three taps, depending on size as mentioned above. Tapping Your Maple Trees Tap maple trees in early spring when daytime temperatures go above freezing while nighttime temperatures fall below freezing. The exact date depends on the elevation and location of your trees and your region. This can be from mid to late February in Pennsylvania to mid-March in upper Maine and eastern Canada. Sap usually flows for 4 to 6 weeks or as long as the freezing nights and warm days continue. Taps should be drilled when temperatures are above freezing to reduce the risk of damage to the tree. Drill into the trunk of the tree in an area that contains sound sap wood (you should be seeing fresh yellow shavings). For trees with more than one tap (20 inches DBH plus), distribute the tapholes evenly around the circumference of the tree. Drill 2 to 2 1/2 inches into the tree at a slight upward angle to facilitate flow of sap from the hole. After making sure that the new taphole is free and clear of shavings, gently insert the spile with a light hammer and do not pound the spile in the taphole. The spile should be set properly to support a bucket or plastic container and its contents. Forcefully mounting the spile can split the bark which prevents healing and could cause a substantial wound on the tree. Do not treat the taphole with disinfectants or other materials at the time of tapping. You always remove spiles from the tapholes at the end of the maple season and should not plug the hole. Tapping done properly will allow tapholes to close and heal over naturally which will take about two years. This will ensure that the tree continues to remain healthy and productive for the remainder of its natural life. Plastic tubing can be used in place of buckets but can become a bit more complicated and you should consult a maple equipment a dealer, your local maple producer, or Cooperative Extension Office.

Symbolism in the Short Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Symbolism in the Short Story - Essay Example For instance, a substantial part of the story is spent on describing the â€Å"stepping stones† in the river and the girl’s passage of it. Stepping stones and rivers have traditionally been symbolic of the journey of life. Rivers are also important as boundaries and crossing them often signifies passage from one world to another. The crossing of river Jordan into the Promised Land, for instance, is a crucial element of the Bible (Ferber, 2007, p. 170). The stepping stones, that are at first harder to cross and easy afterwards are also symbolic of the passage of life. This is the first hint that the speaker may be coming from a different land, or even a different plane of existence. The emphasis on the â€Å"glassy† sky is yet another symbolic clue. Glassy has connotations of an unnatural or artificial material, as it is man-made. It can also signify a certain deadness of the subject, an absence of expression as in the phrase â€Å"glassy eyes†. The absence of life, and the distance she feels from manmade objects further intensify the suggestion that the speaker is already dead. The narrator also mentions several objects of the landscape that she finds missing, suggesting a rather long absence. There was now a road that had replaced the pave and the pine tree she knew was gone.

Public policy on public houses; a look in to influencing factors on Essay

Public policy on public houses; a look in to influencing factors on attitudes of binge drinking 18-24 yr olds - Essay Example involve consuming about half the weekly dose of alcohol in a single drinking session and those who indulge in binge drinking perceive consuming large amounts of alcohol as being beneficial for them. The reasons for binge drinking are complex, but are associated with stress, uncertainty, peer pressures and low self - esteem experienced by young adults as they gradually assume adult responsibilities. Those young adults who indulge in binge drinking episodes may be new to drinking in groups, but they do have an ability to say no and hence are not addicted to alcohol. However, these young adults want to form bonds and get rid of stress, thinking that alcohol can help them with a quick fix, thanks to the unethical marketing campaigns of the 1980s in which United Kingdom and European brewers tried to retain their sagging markets by focusing on the younger generation. This dissertation attempts to identify the influencing factors associated with attitudes of binge drinking which can have an impact on marketing for educating the public and designing interventions for positively influencing young adults. Binge drinking has attracted much attention in recent years, not only in the United Kingdom, but also in many other countries that have a predominantly Anglo – Saxon culture (MCM Research, 2004, Pp. 2 – 5). Although several definitions of binge drinking have been presented in literature (Oei, 2004, Pp. 160), (MCM Research, 2004, Pp. 2 – 5) and (Alcohol Concern, 2003, Pp. 1), the phenomenon usually refers to the consuming of half the recommended weekly dose of alcohol in a single drinking session and this translates to consuming about five servings of alcoholic beverages in rapid succession (Norman, 1998, Pp. 168). The phenomenon of binge drinking usually translates into scenes involving young people of both sexes struggling along on public streets, young men and women being noisily sick on the streets at late hours, fights and brawls of the most barbarous character

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay John Steinbeck was born in 1902 in Salinas california. Steinbecks novels can be classified as social novels, dealing with the economic problems of rural labour in America in the 1920s and 30s. Of Mice and Men is set in the farmlands of the Salinas valley, the country side described in the opening chapter of the novel and the ranch itself, may have been familiar to Steinbeck as he grew up in the area where his father owned a farm. The two main themes in Of Mice and Men are loneliness and dreams. These themes are interwoven in that, people who are lonely have the most need of dreams to help them through life. The lonliness theme is evident in many of the characters, Candys long time companion is his dog , Had him since a pup. He said proudly. (pg 47) He cannot bring himself to shoot the old cripped dog, even though he knows its for the best, Whynt you shot him candy asks Carlson. No, I couldnt do that, I had im too long (pg 47) With his dog gone candy will have lost his long time companion. Crooks the nigger ranch hand lives in enforced solitude away from the other men. Here Steinbeck introduces the predudice black people encountered around the time in which the novel is set. I aint wanted in the bunk-house, and you aint wanted in my room Crooks tells Lennie. Although at first crooks is upset by Lennies apperance, he invites him into his room. [long as you wont get out and leave me alone, you might as well set down ] His lonliness is evident when he tells Lennie A guy needs somebody to be near him this is also evident when Candy enters the room Come on in if everybodys coming in you might as well it was difficult for Crooks to hide his pleasure. (pg 79) The theme continues when we meet Curlys wife. She is the only women on the ranch. She tries to befriend the men by hanging around the bunkhouse. When she talks with Lennie in the barn she tells Lennie I never get to talk to nobody, I gets awful lonely She has married a man she doesnt raelly love. We know this when again talking with Lennie she tells him Well I aint told this to nobody before, I dont like curly he aint a nice fella. George and Lennie are not lonely during the novel as they have each other. George will be lonely afterwards as he will not have Lennie by his side. Lennie, because his character has a childlike innocence about him he may not fear lonileness like the others. The only evidence we have to show Lennie has some concept of being alone is when he is with crooks and Crooks teases him that George is hurt and may not come back. George gonna come back Lennie reassured himself in a frightened voice (pg 77) The other theme the novel focuses on is the American dream Where many aspired to obtaining a better and more properous life. Many of the farm labourers during this time would have dreamt of buying their own land to work themseleves. The symbol throughout the novel for the dream is rabbits. 2 George and Lennie share a dream to own a little place of their own and live on it. We are introduced to this very early on in the novel when Lennie asks George tell me like you done before about the rabbits (pg 14) George tells Lennie some day we gonna have a little house and a couple of acres and lennie will have his rabbits. Throughtout the book whenever Lennie talks about their dream he always talks about the rabits george will get him. Candy joins them in the dream and could help make it a reality when he offer his savings as downpayment in return for being included. Crooks dreams of being equal to the others. He is skeptical at first you guys is just kiddin yourself. He tells Lennie and Candy But you wont get no land he tells them (pg 80) He rembers his childhood when his father owned a arm and he played with the white children and longs for a similar relashonship with white people again He is drawn into the dream when he hears Candy candy has some money to help buy the land. He asks if the guys would want a hand to work for nothing just his keep, why id come a lend a hand ( pg 81) Curlys wifes continues the theme, all be it a different dream. She has draems of leaving the farm and being in the movies She tells Lennie she met a guy that was gonna put her in the pitchers. The novel focuses on many contrasts. George and Lennie are contrastec on the way they look and behave. Lennie is decribed as a huge man, shapeless of face, with wide sloping shoulders walking heavily, we percieve him to be slow ( in mind and body). George in contrast is small and quick with sharpe features. The more able of the two. Lennie can also be compared to several animals a bear , immensly strong, he is innocent and helpless like the mouse and puppy. Candy can be compared to his dog, both of them old, both of them good workers in their youth, but now worn out and past their usefulness. The people on the ranch with power can also be contrasted. Slim who is respected for his wisdom and competence and Curly who only has power because he is the farm owners son not from respect. The Title of the book OF MICE AND MEN comes from a poem by Robert Burns. The best laid shem Jayne Stupple Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Comparing Excess in Morrison’s Sula and Ginsberg’s Howl Essay -- compa

Application of Excess in Morrison’s Sula and Ginsberg’s Howl  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Blake’s Marriage of Heaven and Hell, he declares that "the road of excess leads to the palace of wisdom†¦Those who restrain desire, do so because theirs is weak enough to be restrained." These beliefs are reiterated and expanded upon in both Toni Morrison’s novel Sula and Allen Ginsberg’s epic poem Howl. Both authors challenge the conception of socially imposed boundaries, which suppress the absolute freedom of thought and action, by venerating the human characteristic of excess. Instead of abiding by the social norms of the general cultural animosity towards excess, Morrison and Ginsberg use this vilified "attribute" as a means to transcend the aforementioned boundaries that have hampered intellectual growth and the liberation of the self. The fact that both authors are of minority backgrounds compounds the acuteness of oppressiveness that both have experienced in their lives and allows us to draw parallels between their beliefs and how they chal lenge such despotism. Morrison’s Sula deals with the novel’s namesake’s journey to follow the road less traveled, and to escape the throes of a perceived life of perpetual imprisonment of the self that has engulfed most of the women of her time. The most obvious trait that resides in all aspects of Sula’s character is that of excess. She wages a one-woman war against society’s prescribed boundaries with an arsenal of excessive behavior and actions. The prospects of a fixed life of marriage and childbearing, which is the envy and ultimate objective for women of her age in Bottom, is unappealing and an altogether putrid existence to her. In order to understand the complex infrastructure of Sula’s character... ... electrified out of the coma by our own souls’ airplanes roaring over the roof they’ve come to drop angelic bombs the hospital illuminates itself imaginary walls collapse O skinny legions run outside O starry-spangled shock of mercy the eternal war is here O victory forget your underwear we’re free"(111). Freedom is what Morrison and Ginsberg strive for in their respective works of Sula and Howl. Both authors implement the use of excessive behavior, deemed heretical to the social standards of the day, in order to transcend its boundaries and achieve self-actualization. Morrison and Ginsberg in effect countermand the adage of "conform or die" into that of "conform and die." Works Cited Ginsberg, Allen. Howl: Original Draft Facsimile, Transcript, and Variant Versions. Ed. Barry Miles. New York: Viking, 1986. Morrison, Toni. Sula. 1973. New York: Plume, 1982.

Cell Phone Speech

Good afternoon my friends. Before I start it, I want all of you to remember when we were on elementary school. Have youbrought cell phone to school? If you have, what type of cell phone that you brought? Is it a black andwhite cell phone? Or maybe you've brought colorful cell phone? For me, in elementary school, Ihaven't brought cell phone. But I'm sure that now all of you have brought cell phone to anywhereyou go, so do I. This afternoon, I'd like to discuss about the effect of cell phone for us as universitystudents.To start it, I'll tell you about the common function of cell phone, after that I'll tell about theadvantages and disadvantages, and then its bad and good effect for university student. Finally, I'llgive my own perspective in the end of my speech. First, I'll talk about the function of cell phones. I'm sure that all of you have known that the functionof cell phone is for communication. As we know that nowadays most of people in this world,especially teenagers, can't live without cell phones.It is shown by data fromPew Research Center'sInternet & American Life Project (Lenhart, Ling, Campbell, & Purcell, 2010)that 75% of 12? 17-year-olds own cell phones. Cell phone is different with telephone. If a telephone just used for calling, acell phone can be used for calling and texting. In this era, cell phone's texting has become a basiccommunication between people, especially for teens. More over, for teens who still given money bytheir parents will choose texting than calling, because the fact is texting is cheaper than calling.Thisday, there are many types of cell phones, and most of that new brand cell phones are completedwith internet connection. So, we can not just texting and calling, but we can emailing, surfing, orsharing something through internet in cell phone. Next, every gadget in this world exactly has advantages and disadvantages. Now, I'll tell you aboutthe advantages and disadvantages of cell phones. Because we are Medical Faculty students , so I'lltell the advantages of cell phones that related to health. Do you know that cell phone can help us totake care our healthy? Ya, cell phone can do it.We can communicate with a nutrition advisor orsearching about healthy life style with cell phone. I have an experience about it. Yesterday, I was sick,and with cell phone I can call my sister, so she can bought me some medicines. And everyday, mymom always remembering me to drink my medicine, so I can be health again like now. Beside theadvantages, cell phones also has disadvantages. Related to health, cell phones can make eye strainbecause of lack of sleep. Cell phone also can disturb mental health, for example someone can bebullying through cell phone texting and that can make mental be down.The last thing I wanna tell to all of you is the effect of cell phone for us as university student. I'm surethat everyone in here have your own cell phone, right? I'm also sure that your cell phone give someeffects that change your behavi or. One of that effect is dishonesty. Center on Media and ChildHealth in 2007states that The Pew Internet & American Life Project found that 39% of cell usersages 18-29 say they are not always truthful about where they are when they are on the phone.Iagree with that statement because sometimes I do that too, especially if I am on the phone withsomeone who I hate. I'll lie to her/him because I hate them. Yeah something like that. But rememberone important thing : Don't ever lie to your parent! Maybe next time all of you will find and feel theother effect from cell phone by your self. Now, I wanna end my speech here. One sentence from me,a thing will be a good thing if the person who wear that thing is good. So, let be a good person tomake all the things better.

Food Poisoning Essay

Introduction: Every year millions of people suffer from food poisoning due to uncontrolled application of agricultural chemicals, environmental contamination, use of illegal additives , microbiological hazards and others but as a result of increasing awareness of consumers and their demands to provide them with safe, wholesome and high quality food have force many food premises to carry out a broad assessment and re-organize their systems of food control in turn to improve efficiency , rationalization of human resources and harmonizing approaches. This assessment of food control system has resulted to shift from the traditional approach which depends mainly on the final product sampling and inspection and move forward toward the implementation of a preventative safety and quality approach based on risk analysis. (FAO, 1998) Risk based approaches has been developed by World health organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and it is called risk analysis .(WHO,2011)-website Moreover, risk analysis is a combination of three interconnected elements which are Risk management, Risk assessment and Risk communication. (FAO/WHO training manual, 2006) Risk assessment is a scientific evaluation of risk associated with hazard either qualitatively or quantitatively .Risk management is the process where the relevant information of risk including risk assessment results are used to make decisions on how they will control the risk and implementing proper options. Finally risk communication which may define as the process by which exchange of information occur between risk assessors, managers and concerned parties. (http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae922e/ae922e04.htm) Government officials: In order to prepare a food products that is safe for human consumption and trade within the country or worldwide as well as maintain public confidence the government officials has a major role in this issue, yet it is clear that the government has no role in the production of food and cannot by itself to make safe or unsafe food. However, the government does play two important roles to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. The first major role is to create food standards and implement it through laws, regulations, inspection, and compliance procedures. These standards range from setting legislation to prevent food adulteration toward defining limits on the levels of pesticides residues as well as levels of pathogenic bacteria, food labelling, preparation and packaging of food. As a consequence, USDAs in recent times implemented HACCP system for meat and poultry to reduce harmful contamination and the risk of food borne illness. The second role is to address food safety problems that are beyond the control of any person participating in the food chain, which require more than a regulatory solution like for example E.coli O157:H7 pathogen which originates in the gut of cattle and is spread through the environment to contaminate water, fresh produce, and beef during the slaughtering process causing a considerable hazard when present in food. Address these and many other food safety problems need a strong research base, and to develop an effective control measures not to mention the cooperation between farmers, livestock producers, food processors, retailers and consumers. Therefore, government officials play a leading role in promoting basic research and cooperation in such cases to reduce the risk of food borne diseases. (Taylor &ump; Hoffmann, 2001) In fact, applying risk analysis provides many benefits to all food safety stakeholders including government. In this term it can help food safety regulators to obtain more evidence and information they require to make an effective decision and to identify and apply suitable measures to control the risk in addition to evaluate these measures for example it can be used to assess the maximum level of pesticide residue in food supplies ,increasing the rate of tests ,provide advice to a certain population subgroup, review labelling requirements, and issue a ban and/or recall for the suspected food product in response. Risk analysis can be applied to support and improve food standards such as regulation (EC) no.1829/2003 on genetically modified foods and feed (EU, 2003) and many others standards. It allows the potential costs of compliance for comparison with the expected benefits, and supports setting priorities among the various problems related to food safety. (FAO 87, 2006) In addition to the above advantages, since in article2 (2) from SPS agreement indicates the need of scientific evidence in establishing sanitary and pytosanitary measures. (SPS) though, applying risk analysis will assist the government to meet their commitments and strengthen the basis for the food trade at the international level by increasing access to new market. (FAO 87, 2006) Moreover, gaps and uncertainties in scientific knowledge can be identified using risk analysis approach, which will lead to improve food safety and a better understanding of food related impacts on consumer health. (FAO 87, 2006) In general, risk analysis is used mostly for chemical hazards but recently FAO and WHO expand the scope to cover microbiological hazards as well. (FAO 76) As a result, microbial risk assessment has been used to assess the risk posed by Listeria in a wide range of food commodities and regulatory involvements to control pathogens. (Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 39 / Tuesday, February 27, 2001 / Proposed Rules) Thus, through risk analysis the government officials can make out opportunities to reduce risk by using it to establish risk based inspection program, development and application of food standards, collaborate efforts with food processors, and consumer awareness. (Taylor &ump; Hoffmann, 2001) However, since not all countries have the capabilities and resources to conduct risk assessment ,so they must make use of international data and expertise available besides data that is internationally accepted such as codex standards which accepted as scientifically valid under SPS agreement .(FAO,76) Food processors: On the other hand, food processors as discussed earlier has the main role to produce safe ,wholesome and high quality food to meet customer demands. While world health organisation (WHO) has briefly indicated that food safety is a shared responsibility from farm to fork, http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/processing-food-safety-quality-1/ governments and intergovernmental organisation like Codex Alimentarius commission (CAC) has a major responsibility in creating food standards and so it is important to involve food manufacturers in the process of setting standards at the national and international levels. This participation is beneficial to all stakeholders, and government indeed should assist this exchange of information to help ensure supplying safe products. http://www.fao.org/docrep/v2890t/v2890t05.htm Achieving this requires implementing science based systems derived from risk analysis and associated risk management approaches like HACCP for industry. (Hobbs, 2007) However, to carry out a HACCP plan, hazard analysis is required, as it considers as the first of the seven HACCP principles, it is used to assess the probable hazards that could occur through food processing, gathering data regarding those hazards and their severity to the consumer besides the possibility of their occurrence. Once established a hazard analysis using risk analysis, it must be considered throughout the HACCP plan development. (Peter warring book, food quality assurance book) In addition to the above, there are a number of authors who have suggested the use of risk based systems in HACCP plan (Baird-Parker, 1994, 1995;Buchanan, 1995; Notermans and Jouve, 1995; Elliott,1996; Notermans and Mead, 1996). Thus demands to include some aspects of risk into HACCP system are increasing. (T.Mayeres,97) Burden or benefits) (Mayers, 1997) on the other hand stated that the HACCP system is functioning effectively without the need of risk assessment approach, bearing on mind that HACCP has been internationally considered as an effective way to control food borne hazards. However, some elements of risk analysis can be useful in HACCP by increasing the scientific basis of hazard analysis, can help in identification of critical limits, as well as increasing transparency in decision making.( (T.Mayeres,97) Burden or benefits) Part B/i: Owing to the increasing demands of the global market for sea food products, exposure to food borne illness may increase as a consequence. (Book of Iso and HACCP) For instance,

The Incan Religion essays

The Incan Religion essays The Incans would worship the dead, such as ancestors, their king, who was divine, nature, and also people who founded their culture which they called heroes. The way that they worshiped nature and the cycles of nature tells us that they felt that time and space was very important to them. They also felt that the calendar was religious, and each month they held a festival for that month. Inti was the sun god who encouraged the earth and man with his rays. They had an important feast that was dedicated to Inti, the sun god; they called it the Intip Raimi. The Incans would wear costumes and would give offerings of silver and gold. The mother of the earth was called Pachama, or Wiracocha, it was an important god, which people believe is to be caused by the importance of Christianity, while others say that it was a hero from their culture that changed into a god. The mother of the earths full name is Con Ticci Wiracocha-pachaya, which means: the ancient foundation, the Lord and Ins tructor of the world. The Incans also believed in the concept of split personality things, which were shown by hanan, and hurin. Hanan was the high, superior, masculine, right, while hurin showed the low, inferior, left, and feminine side of things. Inca culture was formed from the evolution of carious Andean cultures that are traced back to twenty thousand years ago. Valdivia and Chavin were the foundations for the Incan empire, where it is said that they have gained their religious system. The Incan empire was destroyed in 1532 by the Spaniards. ...

Advertising Created the Consumption Habits of Our Society

Advertising Created the Consumption Habits of Our Society Consumption today has a totally different meaning than centuries or decades ago. There are different reasons researchers find to explain what is the reason behind of the consumption habit of our society. Many times marketing and advertisement are pointed out as the initiative power. Often happens that consumers buy a brand new telephone for example even if the old one has no problem but a new version of that model was launched. Why do people feel like this? Is it really necessary to change the phone? More and more often people decide to purchase goods, which they could not allow as they are out of there budget (Han, 2010). Do we really need that new phone? What makes us believe that yes, we do need it? Many other example could be listed here to underline the above problem area. This paper attempts to find answers for the questions mentioned above. In this analysis, the main assumption is that marketing and the marketing activities cause the desire in people to consume, and even over -consume in today’s life. First, the essay will describe briefly the relevant economic and historical background, afterwards will set out the hypothesis of the research and will provide pro and contra arguments to discuss this issue and finally will make a conclusion based on the results of the research. HISTORICAL AND ECONOMICAL BACKGROUND Comparing consumption back in history to what it is today there is a big difference (Goodwin et al. 2006). Few centuries ago the lifestyle of people varied they hardly did shopping outside their living area. Before the Industrial Revolution most of the people lived in villages and worked in agriculture. Back in that time we could not talk about fashion or trends pushing people into buying habits. Usually a winter coat lasted a lifetime. Certainly a small elite did exist but could not make any change in society in terms of changing the agrarian economy. Due to the Industrial Revolution industrialization began and changed the consumption. Fo r example textile production grew between 1760 and 1830 from 3 million pounds to 360 million pounds in Brittan. Consumerism, the word was used first in 1915 (Wikipedia, 2010). After the Industrial Revolution for the first time in history products were available to everyone at affordable prices and in enough quantity. This is how consumerism began. At the turn of the 20th century economist Thorsten Veblen writes about unnecessary and wasteful consumption (Wikipedia, 2010). By the end of the 20th century materialism raised, the reason of attending college was to earn more money and the culture changed into the direction of competition and disconnection. The range of wealthy people became the focus of marketing and the ones with less income could â€Å"purchase something new that will speak of their place in the tradition of affluence† (Wikipedia, 2010). In today’s consumerism in the 21st century, it can be observed that people try to differentiate from other. Poor people try to act and look like as they were rich and wealthy people try to act like celebrities, each one of them would like to be seen as coming from higher social class (Wikipedia, 2010).

Organizational Change Management, Change, Talk and Sensemaking Annotated Bibliography

Organizational Change Management, Change, Talk and Sensemaking - Annotated Bibliography Example This is a particularly different approach from implementing change in-house because much of the language analysis prepared in this article would not be necessary if everyone involved in the change used common language that is familiar to all within the organization.   Outsiders may use terminology differently, which may be the actual cause of confusion. The analysis provides an example of why clear and concise communication is necessary, particularly during periods of change. If outsiders are brought in, their language should be adjusted to that of the firm, or a list of This article shares the results of a survey taken by the authors, that examines trends in how organizations change. The findings indicate that true organizational change only occurred about 40% of the time. The best results, as high as 80%, are achieved by companies that abide by principles such a strong senior leadership, clear vision of goals and consistent communication of goals. The survey also found that companies that were under pressure to change from external forces usually failed because they tried to have â€Å"troubleshooters† take care of the transformation in secret rather than appealing to the broad base of employees. This article is valuable to research, as it provides a strong argument against secret or covert actions taken to bring about change in an organization. Outsourcing decisions that do not communicate a clear set of goals will not receive a broad base of support within the organization. This will lead to less than desirable results in the change process. Lack of open communication and secretive ventures of this nature can create a great deal of distrust. The research also suggests that change which is expected to bring about improvement within an organization should be proactive, rather than reactive. This means that taking measures to prevent the problem before they occur, being able to anticipate them and having solutions in place if they do occur can help organizations weather storms much more successfully.  

Human Resources Management Strategy Research Paper

Human Resources Management Strategy - Research Paper Example HRM mainly focuses on the policies as well as system of an organization. Based on the current human resource management HAAD also focus on the studies of health related behaviors of human along with the studies of diagnostic and preventive measures to avoid the health related problem of emirates of Abu Dhabi and improve their quality and standard of life. HAAD ensures the safety people by implementing strategic plan and the standard principles. The management of HAAD also provides good facilities to the staff members in order to improve their performance and to provide the best health care services to people of Abu Dhabi. The management of HAAD also communicates regarding the safety and security of staff along with patients to prevent the health regarded issues (Mazrouei, 2008). The facilities, which are provided by HAAD, should be abided by the decisions of Research Ethics Committee for greater effectiveness. The investigators of HAAD should have relevant qualification as well as experience on the relevant field to conduct the research related to the health care services and make it effective. The HR managers or HR professionals play the most important role in the improvement of the organizational structure of HAAD and achieve the objective of HAAD by ensuring the safety of life of emirate of Abu Dhabi (Khadamat, 2007). The HRM policies of HAAD are effective as it provides proper policies for effective health measurement. SWOT analysis is a planning method to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to the management of an organization. This is an important aspect to determine the effectiveness of HAAD towards the local communities by providing healthcare measures. The objective is to develop healthcare for preventing diseases and provide adequate support to people of Abu Dhabi. Strengths of current human resource management of HAAD is that it provides better facilities to employees to

J&S mini supermarket Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

J&S mini supermarket - Research Proposal Example Their main problems lie in the fact that they don't have the resources (enough staff) to offer a good service to their clients. This means that they have not been able to pay attention to building relationships with their customers. Relationship marketing is defined as "a marketing method in which businesses consistently maintain two-way communication with their prospective, current and inactive customers in order to gain a deeper understanding of their needs while delivering personal and compelling marketing throughout their lifecycle"(Vtrenz,2004:4). It involves understanding the customers' needs as they go through their life cycles, and one of its central concepts is customer retention.(Wikipedia, 2005) At J & S, customers are hard to retain because once they have experienced a bad service, they seldom come back. In order to start building relationships with their clients, this business must get to know them; who are their clients, what are their needs. This can be done by several ways. From the basic observation technique (e.g. noticing their shopping patterns); to applying mini surveys while they wait in line to pay. The point is to get to know them better. It is useful to observe things like: With this information, you ... With this information, you might be able to offer valuable services to the clients such as free parking (and/or parking space for bikes), weekly offers and promotions, etc. The point is to design a strategy that fits the customers' lifestyles and needs. Focusing on the customers' needs One of the main things the clients need at this convenient store is to be able to find their products easily. This can be done; first, by re-organizing the store's layout so that the access and flow through the locale is easy. Then, by using clear signs in the aisles and throughout the that help the customers find what they need (and their prices). Customers shouldn't feel left alone in their task of shopping their groceries. It should be made a pleasurable experience instead of a hassle. Hiring new staff for the purpose of aiding and guiding the customer is the most important action to be taken by this convenient store. Their job is to be available to the clients, to have the information about the products, about where they are located, and about new products. They should wear a distinctive uniform, perhaps a good suggestion is that they wear T-shirts or vests with a legend such as "Ask me if you have any questions" or "I'm here to help you". The clerk should salute and ask the client "Did you find all that you were looking for" before they pay, and thank them for shopping there before they leave the store. All these little details count. They will make the customer feel special and it is likely that he/she will return because the service was good and focused on the client. In the store, machines to verify the price should be available at the end of each aisle, and a person should be responsible for checking the aisles for missing prices tags, and misplaced products. Extra

Biography of Chanakya (Kautilya)

Biography of Chanakya (Kautilya) INTRODUCTION â€Å"The extraordinary thoroughness of Kautilyas’s work, its eminent inductiveness and practical character, its unflinching logic, heedlessness of adventitious moral or religious standard and its wide range of subjects and interests gave it a unique combination of features..†[1] -D.R.Bhandarkar In Indian history, the centuries to come and that passed by, are recorded many great persons and legendary characters who shaped time through their extraordinary deeds and their excellence in every skill. But among of them, Kautilya may be the only one personality who has been respected and accepted as a brilliant person not only by Indian scholars but also western Scholars too. Kautilya was great political philosopher and thinker. We have been described as a great teacher, shrewd statesman, devoted patriot, deep thinker, ruthless administrator, master strategist, selfless ascetic, ideal philosopher and true saint.[2] He is called all-rounder because he got mastery in all the branches of knowledge. He was well versed in commerce, warfare, Politics, Economics and Vedas. He lived around the third century B.C. but even today his ideas and principles show relevancy and applicability in the present day society. He is a historical milestone in the making of India. Kautilya is the greatest person with wisdom and knowledge. He is regarded pioneer in the field of Economics. The credit of establishment of Mauryan Empire goes to the foresight and knowledge of Kautilya. He was a key advisor and councilor of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauryan Empire. â€Å"This empire was not merely composed of a number of unrelated districts brought together under single sceptra; it was a real unit based on common government which everywhere not only established the king’s authority but the public good.[3] Kautilya was chief architect of his rise to power so he is called kingmaker too. A man full of vision; he was always prepared for the worst. He had the guts to speak his heart out even in front of the rulers. He himself lived such a life, refusing all adornments, compassion towards the poor and evil to deceit when needed which shows some of his good characteristics of nature. Kautilya was a professor at the University of Takshashila which is located near Peshawar in Paki stan. He was the first man to envision the first Indian Empire by unification of the various small kingdoms in the Indian subcontinent. His prominent works are Nitishastra, Chanakya Niti and Arthashastra. Among these, Arthshastra was most important. He considered economic activity as driving force behind the functioning of any political action. Kautilya was a true thinker who bridged the gap between knowledge and vision. For Kautilya, good governance was supreme. LIFE SKETCH OF KAUTILYA – Unfortunately There is not certainity about the time period of the Kautilya So, details of his birth and life are not dependable and we have to rely on tradition. The expected period of the Kautilya is from 350-283 B.C.E. There are very few real historical facts about his birth and death except that he helped Chandragupta to mount the throne, to strengthen his empire and to unite the Indian states for fighting against Alexander of Macedonia around 327 B.C.E. Chandragupta Maurya established the Mauryan Empire in the year 321 B.C.E. Kautilya was probably born around 350 B.C.E. This shows that Kautilya was junior contemporary of Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.). There is no proof that Kautilya was affected by Aristotleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s idea. Some historians have â€Å"questioning about Kautilyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s existence†. His place of birth is not assured. Some say that he got the name Chanakya because he was born in China. The Buddhist mentions his birthplace as Takshashila while Jaina scripture mention his birthplace as Chanak in Gola district of South India. According to one version, birthplace of Chanakya was Dravida so one of the Chanakyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s various names was Dramila. Some believes his birthplace was Patliputra. However, Kautilyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s birthplace will continue to remain a disputation. Kautilya had two other two names – Chanaka and vishnugupta. As he was born in the village of chanaka, he was called chanakya , Dr. Ganapati Shastri is of the opinion that he was born in the ‘ kutala’ gotra. Hence he was named as Kautilya. His parents gave him the name of Vishnugupta at ‘namkaran’ ceremony.[4] When Kautilya was born, he had blessed with the full set of teeth, which showed that child will become king or emperor. Rishi Chanak was a Kautilya’s father who was learned Brahmin. He was a teacher teacher so he knew the importance of education. He started teaching his son Kautilya in his early age. In his early age, Kautilya was well versed in Vedas; though he memorized them completely at early age, At that ancient time, the Vedas were considered as the toughest scripture to study. He was also taught mathematics, geography and science along with religion. Right from his childhood, Kautilyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s wisdom and shrewdness was visible and effective. His favorite subject was Politics. Kautilya had seen very difficult circumstances from his childhood. His father,Chanak was erudite, decent and self respected Brahmin. He opposed injustice or immortal deeds. The fraudulent and arrogant king Dhannanda did not like him naturally. The king disparated the rightness of Chanak so he harassed Chanakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s family for fake reasons. Chanak was put in prison by the king. He died in prison. No one raised a voice against the injustice with Chanak. Kautilya was a very little boy that time. He was extremely sad because of his fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s death and injustice happened with h is family. After his fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s death, his life was also in danger. So he left Patliputra by taking an oath that he would return and fight against injustice and take revenge against Dhannanda. Kautilya had his education at a famous university of Takshashila which was very reputed one at that time. Being a Brahmin of strong determination anf strong will, he thought to take revenge from Nanda King of Patliputra. He left the capital humiliated and he went to search for a warrior. On his way, he came across the young Chandragupta. He found in the latter a promising young man and started the campaign for his installation on the throne of Magadha. Their First attempt Proved to be a failure. However eventually, Chandragupta regrouped his forces, overwhelmed the borderstates and launched onslaught on the capital. The wicked king- Dhannanda best of Nanda dynasty wa skilled in 322BC. Thus a new dynasty-Maurya was established with Chandragupta Maurya enthroned as the king of Magadha in 321 BC and reigned upto 298 BC. The credit for this victory goes to kautilya widely accepted name whose diplomatic skill and encyclopaedic knowledge of administration enabled Chandragupta, his pupil not only to triumph against the Nandas but also consolidate his empire.[5] [1] Vishnoo Bhagwan, Indian Political Thinkers,Atma Ram Sons publications,p.30 [2] Retrieved from http://www.chanakya.com/chanakya.htm on 20 Mar.2014.11.28PM [3] Paul Masson-Oursel et al: Ancient India and Indian Civilization,p.37 [4] Sankaracharya : Commentary on Kamandaka [5] Vishnoo Bhagwan, Indian Political Thinkers,Atma Ram Sons publications,p.31

Crime Of Passion By Barbara Hu :: Barbara Hu Crime Of Passion

The essay â€Å"A Crime of Compassion† was written by Barbara Huttmann. A story of love, dedication, moral values, and a nurse who loved her job and her patients very dearly. One of her patients was a young police officer who had been diagnosed with lung cancer. Within six months time, he had lost his youth, two of his five senses and his ability to do anything for himself. He had stopped breathing numerous times, and each time he was resuscitated. Eventually the pain became unbearable and he begged for God to take him. Being resuscitated wasn’t what he wanted anymore, he wanted to die. This nurse with so much love and so much knowledge relieved him of his pain and let him die. The public and the hospital then scolded her. She was labeled a murderer. The author’s use of description was very detailed and very real. Reading this essay was like watching it on television. Every sentence was described with so much depth; there was no need to imagine the scenery or the excitement of the hospital. The healthy police officer was described as a young, witty macho cop with thirty-two pounds of attack equipment. When reading this, the vision of a man in a blue uniform with his gun and walkie-talkie enters the mind. When the man had been diagnosed with lung cancer he was described as a sixty pound skeleton being kept alive by liquid food poured down a tube. The code blues were described horrifically. He stopped breathing two to three times a day, and every time he stopped he was resuscitated. â€Å"The nurses stayed to wipe away the saliva that drooled from his mouth, irrigate the big craters of bedsores that covered his hips, suction the lung fluids that threatened to drown him, clean the feces that burned his skin†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He was going through an agonizing ordeal, and he was being kept alive unnaturally. The pain he was enduring was far too much for any human or any animal to sustain.

Ethic Simulation Essay

This week I participated in two Ethic Game Simulations; The Mysterious Blogger and The Veiled ID. The Mysterious Blogger was about the leaking of confidential information by an employee and the actions of a second employee. The Veiled ID presented an issue that arises as the company tried to implement more strict security issues. The â€Å"Mysterious Blogger† had me playing the part of the Director of Information Technology for G-Bio Sports Company. During a routine check the department finds there is an employee that is posting blogs about the company and although 90% of the information is not confidential and questions safety this is a clear violation of the company policy. An anonymous email is also received by me this note indicates the name of the person posting the blogs. This information was obtained by hacking this person’s personal computer. My department was able to identify the name of both employees involved. There is an ethical issue on both cases one employee is violating the NDA policy and the other is violating the privacy of another employee. The action of both employees can cause major harm to the company. It is important to identify everyone that needs to be informed of the situation and decided the proper way to handle the situation. Both employees have been with the company for a while and are an asset to the company. Based on this information I do believe that both employees need to be discipline and made aware of the seriousness of their actions at the same time ensure safety concerns are address. My next step is to involve the proper stakeholders, our HR Director and our Legal Counsel they will help me validate my position and outline next steps. â€Å"The Veiled ID†, I play the part of the Associate Director of Operations. The  company has recently suffered a breach in security a former employee broke into a lab causing not only damage to the equipment but harmed another employee in the process. A new security system is being put in place to protect employees and our clients. Every employee will be required to carry a work Identification that will include a photograph without the ID they will not be allow in the building. Although the solution seems to very easy I did not take into consideration that some of our employees cannot be photograph due to religious beliefs. After, determining who will be affected by my decision and discussing the issue with a representative of our Human Resource Department, Training Manager and, other employees. We decided that the photo ID will still be require however, there will be some measures put in place to accommodate people with special needs. In conclusion, by utilizing the Rights and Responsibility Lens and the Baird Ethical model I was able to determine the best decision for each separate situation. The decision was the result of a serious of steps that help me first identify the issue, the people affected and the effect that my decision would have had in the community. Each steps helps you understand what is morally right and fair for the primary stakeholders and the community and how your decision making impacts others. Making sure that you understand everyone that will be affected either directly or indirectly is important prior to making your final decision. Doing the right thing is not just to following company procedure; it is also about protecting the shareholders interest and the interest of the company. In the case where the company’s policies were violated, the company must make a sound decision that that produces an outcome in the best interest of the company and its stakeholders. The ethical perspectives used to make the decisions during the simulation were based on options given in each scenario. In the simulation, you were to determine the best outcome for each scenario based upon the information given. Neither one of the scenarios had a right nor was wrong answer it just the best ethical decision you consider fair for all parties involved. The important part is to make sure that each situation it’s analyzed and all the components are taking into consideration prior of making your final decision. Reference Trevià ±o, L. K. & Nelson, K. A. (2011). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.).

Starbucks International

International Marketing Case1-1: Starbucks-Going Global Fast Q1) Identify the controllable & uncontrollable elements that Starbucks has encountered in entering global markets. A1) There are several controllable and uncontrollable elements that Starbucks has encountered in entering the global market. To begin with, some of the controllable elements are somewhat similar to them growing in the domestic market. Some of the factors include the 4 P’s (Product, Price, Placement and Promotion).Starbucks has the advantage of being a global brand-it is recognized by millions around the world and is thus able to market according to its value. In addition, Starbucks can easily adjust to the different cultural sets and shift their prices according to the competitors in the region (without making much of an impact to their profit). As a result of being a global brand, Starbucks can market themselves as they wish to as well. An appropriate example would be the coffee in Italy-which is relati vely cheaper than Starbucks regular coffee.An espresso in Northern Italy is around 67 cents whereas in the south it can fall close to 55 cents. Meanwhile, Americans pay around $1. 50 for their espresso-for such reason, Starbucks would have to lower the prices if they wish to enter the Italian market for the simple reason to be able to compete in such an environment-basically going back to the point of controlling their prices as their competitors do. Starbucks have faced uncontrollable elements as well-mostly to do with foreign markets.To begin with are the issues that the brand might face trying to balance between domestic and international markets. There are several different elements of risk that they face when entering a foreign market such as competitive forces, technology levels, distribution structures, the nation’s infrastructure and other forces that add in such a cultural, political and legal. All these elements tie in with how Starbucks runs its business in an inte rnational market.Moreover, as Starbucks continues to expand, it will have to be increasingly sensitive to cultural challenges. One example could be Starbucks facing grave challenges with Japan’s ‘chilled coffee’ market with many lookalikes rivalling with the corporate brand making it more difficult for them to compete overseas. Being a global brand, Starbucks has mastered their skills to expand to other international markets-as long as they keep in check their controllable elements and try and resolve the uncontrollable ones.Q2) What are the major sources of risk facing the company? Discuss potential solutions. A2) Being such a major international brand-Starbucks is likely to face certain risks. To begin with, Starbucks has managed to saturate most of its market in United States. According to sources, there is a Starbucks for every 9,400 people in Seattle. Blanketing areas with their stores is not necessarily an advantage for Starbucks, it has even led to consume rs being frustrated with the low level of choice and causing a great dislike towards the global brand all together.Another risk facing Starbucks is the new, younger generation. Today’s 20 and early thirty year old consumers are not ready to pay the high prices for their daily coffee. Due to the recession, much of this generation was brought up on less costly brands such as McDonald’s McCafe, and is unlikely to shift to Starbucks or any other major brand even once recession has worn off. Consumer risks are not the only ones troubling Starbucks-the global brand also faces internal issues with employee burn out rate increasing over the years.Dissatisfaction over being over worked and under paid is starting to become synonymous with the Starbucks name causing frustrated store managers and a higher percentage of employee turnover. An example of this internal risk was when a lawsuit caused Starbucks a good $18 million, leaving them with decreased profit share. Analysts state that Starbucks can only maintain about 15% square footage growth in the United States, for only about two more years. After that, it will have to depend aggressively on overseas growth to maintain their annual 20% revenue growth.Expansion and cannibalization risk is also another element. Expanding at such an extreme rate with a constant growth in stores around the world have seen to cause some major cultural issues as well, for example Italy being threatened from changing their lifestyles of drinking coffee all together. Solutions: Advertising campaigns and positive public awareness could help improve their global image. Starbucks should being focusing on International expansion rather than saturating their domestic market-the more people they reach out to, the more the brand is likely to survive and make a profit.Having such an international image can have a disadvantage as well-Starbucks could learn to adapt to more cultural differences & requirements rather than concentrating on promoting their domestic image internationally as well. Through promotion and advertising Starbucks should begin to shift their target audience; the younger generation is a key element to their product life cycle-but re-positioning their products and focusing on the Middle class of today, Starbucks could find a solution within and continue to grow for years to come.Market research could be another solution that Starbucks can look into. By creating Global Strategies, success can be achieved by moulding according to the country’s culture and belief and by introducing products that are more likely to be accepted by people from different areas of the world. A certain kind of marketing is unlikely to appeal to an audience from all over the world-Starbucks should be flexible enough to create their image according to a different culture each time.The feeling of dissatisfaction from the employees of Starbucks should be resolved. This solution can be achieved by offering over time pa yment or incentive for every employee-as long as Starbucks is willing to take care of its people, employee turnover will be likely to reduce and their internal mechanics will run smoothly-thus causing them clarity to look at other major issues, such as international marketing and expansion.Q3) Critique Starbucks overall Corporate Strategy A3) In the case of Starbucks, the corporate strategy that they have implemented is unique to their industry which has allowed them to stand apart from their major competitors. It can be summarized shortly-Starbucks aims to provide quality coffee wherever they go.One of their strategies would be vertical integration, by having a close relationship from the start to the finish of their product by having their own supply chain and roasting their own coffee-Quality is one key element that Starbucks has never compromised on ( and from the looks of it, will be unwilling to do so in the near future as well) Modification of their products is another way St arbucks handles it strategy, by aiming at partnering with other successful brands and going for products that they can also sell in stores apart from their chain’s and focusing on the other services they provide such as pre order, Wi-Fi and partnering with the movie and music industry. Even without spending a lot on international advertisement, Starbucks makes sure to stay in the limelight, by making the right decisions to partner with companies that are appealing to their overall consumer base.In addition, Starbucks has begun to target the younger generation (that is likely to stray from the higher priced quality coffee) by boosting other services they provide. Instead of succumbing to the lower price demand, Starbucks has upped their other services and began advertising accordingly and directly aiming at the new generation’s consumer base. It is probably also worth mentioning how Starbucks has still managed to follow the usual, normal expansion routine as well. They began by aiming at their domestic market aggressively and once this had been saturated and developed completely, the organization began increasing their presence internationally. According to the Starbucks annual report in 2009, their international market grew by a rapid 7. 7% in 2009.Overall, Starbucks aims at growing internationally, by using other sources apart from the regular stereotypes, but at the same time, Starbucks aims to keep its footing in their domestic market as strong as they have been since the inception itself. Q4) How might Starbucks improve profitability in Japan? A4) Due to the high level of competition that Starbucks faces in Japan, it should begin by reconsidering their pricing strategy. Most of Japan still believes that Starbucks is slightly overpriced, and since there are so many different competitors, it is an easy decision for the consumer in Japan to choose another brand-based simply on the lower price.They could begin by lowering their prices slightly, w here they would still make a profit, but would fall within the range of other competitors so more consumers would be likely to choose Starbucks-mainly due to the great quality of product (and now better price as well) Another method that Starbucks could use is repositioning their product and service in Japan. According to sources, Japanese youth is more likely to spend their time in a constructive manner. Due to Starbucks and the competitors in Japan providing similar fare, it is easy for the competitor to eat up the Starbucks share, thus it would be ideal for the global brand to increase their benefits (or reduce price further).One benefit could be introducing the online order system in Japan, so Japanese consumers could pre order online, saving them time and using this benefit over the other competitors. By advertising with the domestic brands in Japan, Starbucks could possibly make itself synonymous with Japan’s youth-where they feel inclined to have Starbucks instead if c ompetitor coffee because their other major brands/artists seem to be having Starbucks as well. Including customized products for its consumers in Japan is also helping Starbucks stay on top of their globalization plans. This strategy increased same store sales and overall profits. By adding the drive through service, Starbucks is targeting their Japanese audience the most fruitful and profitable way.